Office of the Historian

Principal Officers and Chiefs of Mission, by Year: 1934

Note: Career Foreign Service appointees are asterisked.

  • Edward Albright (1873–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Finland (1933–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Costa Rica (1937)
  • *Norman Armour (1887–1982)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Haiti (1932–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Haiti (1933–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Canada (1935–1938)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Chile (1938–1939)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Argentina (1939–1944)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Spain (1944–1945)
    • Assistant Secretary of State for Political Affairs (1947–1948)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Venezuela (1950–1951)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Guatemala (1954–1955)
  • James Marion Baker (1861–1940)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Thailand (1933–1936)
  • Robert Worth Bingham (1871–1937)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, United Kingdom (1933–1937)
  • *Maxwell Blake (1877–1959)
    • Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Morocco (1917)
    • Agent/Consul General, Morocco (1917–1922)
    • Diplomatic Agent/Consul General, Morocco (1925–1940)
  • Claude Gernade Bowers (1878–1958)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Spain (1933–1939)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Chile (1939–1953)
  • William Christian Bullitt (1891–1967)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Russia (1933–1936)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, France (1936–1940)
  • *Jefferson Caffery (1886–1974)
    • Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Greece (1923)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, El Salvador (1926–1928)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Colombia (1928–1933)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1933)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Cuba (1934–1937)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Brazil (1937–1944)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, France (1944–1949)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Egypt (1949–1955)
  • Robert Granville Caldwell (1882–1976)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Portugal (1933–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bolivia (1937–1939)
  • Wilbur John Carr (1870–1942)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1924–1933)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1933–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Czechoslovakia (1937–1939)
  • Francis Patrick Corrigan (1881–1968)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, El Salvador (1934–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Panama (1937–1939)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Venezuela (1939–1947)
  • John Clarence Cudahy (1887–1943)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Poland (1933–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ireland (1937–1940)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Belgium (1940)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Luxembourg (1940)
  • Josephus Daniels Jr. (1862–1948)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Mexico (1933–1941)
  • *William Dawson Jr. (1885–1972)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ecuador (1930–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Colombia (1934–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1937–1939)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1937)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Panama (1939–1941)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1941–1946)
    • Permanent Representative of the U.S.A. to the Organization of American States (Washington) (1948)
  • *Fred Morris Dearing (1879–1963)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1921–1922)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Portugal (1922–1930)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Peru (1930–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Sweden (1937–1938)
  • Fay Allen Des Portes (1890–1944)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bolivia (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Guatemala (1936–1943)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Costa Rica (1943–1944)
  • William Edward Dodd (1869–1940)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Germany (1933–1937)
  • *James Clement Dunn (1890–1979)
    • Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Haiti (1924)
    • Chief of Protocol (1928–1930)
    • Chief of Protocol (1933–1935)
    • Assistant Secretary of State for European, Far Eastern, Near Eastern, and African Affairs (1944–1946)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Italy (1946–1952)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, France (1952–1953)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Spain (1953–1955)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Brazil (1955–1956)
    • Career Ambassador (1956)
  • George Howard Earle III (1890–1974)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Austria (1933–1934)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bulgaria (1940–1941)
  • Grenville Temple Emmet (1877–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Netherlands (1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Netherlands (1934–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Austria (1937)
  • Bert Fish (1875–1943)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Egypt (1933–1941)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Saudi Arabia (1939–1941)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Portugal (1941–1943)
  • *Hugh Simons Gibson (1883–1954)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Poland (1919–1924)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Switzerland (1924–1927)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Belgium (1927–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Luxembourg (1927–1933)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Brazil (1933–1936)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Belgium (1937–1938)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Luxembourg (1937–1938)
  • Antonio Cornelius Gonzalez (1888–1965)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Panama (1933–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ecuador (1934–1938)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Venezuela (1938–1939)
  • *Joseph Clark Grew (1880–1965)
    • Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Austria (1917)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Denmark (1920–1921)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Switzerland (1921–1924)
    • Under Secretary of State (1924–1927)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Turkey (1927–1932)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Japan (1932–1941)
    • Under Secretary of State (1944–1945)
    • Secretary of State ad interim (1945)
  • Green Haywood Hackworth (1883–1973)
    • Legal Adviser (1931–1946)
  • *Matthew Elting Hanna (1873–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Nicaragua (1929–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Guatemala (1933–1936)
  • William Harrison Hornibrook (1884–1946)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Thailand (1915–1916)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Iran (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Afghanistan (1935–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Costa Rica (1937–1941)
  • Cordell Hull (1871–1955)
    • Secretary of State (1933–1944)
  • *Nelson Trusler Johnson (1887–1954)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1927–1929)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, China (1929–1935)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, China (1935–1941)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Australia (1941–1945)
  • *Paul Knabenshue (1883–1942)
    • Minister Resident/Consul General, Iraq (1932–1933)
    • Minister Resident/Consul General, Iraq (1933–1942)
  • *Arthur Bliss Lane (1894–1956)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Nicaragua (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Estonia (1936–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Latvia (1936–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Lithuania (1936–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Yugoslavia (1937–1941)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Costa Rica (1941–1942)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Colombia (1942–1944)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Poland (1944–1947)
  • *Julius Gareche Lay (1872–1939)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Honduras (1929–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1934)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1935–1937)
  • Samuel Miller Breckinridge Long (1881–1958)
    • Third Assistant Secretary of State (1917–1920)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Italy (1933–1936)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1940–1944)
  • *John Van Antwerp MacMurray (1881–1960)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1924–1925)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, China (1925–1929)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Estonia (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Latvia (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Lithuania (1933–1936)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Turkey (1936–1941)
  • Lincoln MacVeagh (1890–1972)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Greece (1933–1941)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Iceland (1941–1942)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, South Africa (1942–1943)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Greece (1943–1947)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Yugoslavia (1943–1944)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Portugal (1948–1952)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Spain (1952–1953)
  • William Wallace McDowell (1867–1934)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ireland (1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ireland (1934)
  • *George Strausser Messersmith (1883–1960)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Austria (1934–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1934)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1937–1940)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Cuba (1940–1942)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Mexico (1941–1946)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Argentina (1946–1947)
  • John Flournoy Montgomery (1878–1954)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Hungary (1933–1941)
  • Robert Walton Moore (1859–1941)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1933–1937)
    • Counselor (1937–1941)
  • Dave Hennen Morris (1872–1944)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Belgium (1933–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Luxembourg (1933–1937)
  • Meredith Nicholson (1866–1947)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Paraguay (1933–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Venezuela (1935–1938)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Nicaragua (1938–1941)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Portugal (Not commissioned; nomination withdrawn before the Senate acted upon it.)
  • Ruth Bryan Owen (1885–1954)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Denmark (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Denmark (1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Iceland (1933)
  • Alvin Mansfield Owsley (1888–1967)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Romania (1933–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ireland (1935–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Denmark (1937–1939)
  • Hoffman Philip (1872–1951)
    • Minister Resident/Consul General, Ethiopia (1908–1910)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Colombia (1917–1922)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1922–1925)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Iran (1925–1928)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Norway (1930–1935)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Chile (1935–1937)
  • *William Phillips (1878–1968)
    • Third Assistant Secretary of State (1909)
    • Third Assistant Secretary of State (1914–1917)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1917–1920)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Netherlands (1920–1922)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Luxembourg (1920–1922)
    • Under Secretary of State (1922–1924)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Belgium (1924–1927)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Luxembourg (1924–1927)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Canada (1927–1929)
    • Under Secretary of State (1933–1936)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Italy (1936–1941)
  • *Warren Delano Robbins (1885–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, El Salvador (1928–1931)
    • Chief of Protocol (1931–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Canada (1933–1935)
  • Leo R. Sack (1889–1956)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Costa Rica (1933–1937)
  • Francis Bowes Sayre (1885–1972)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1933–1939)
  • *Hans Frederick Arthur Schoenfeld (1889–1952)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bulgaria (1928)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Costa Rica (1929)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Dominican Republic (1931–1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Finland (1937–1942)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Hungary (1945–1947)
  • Henry Hulme Sevier (1878–1940)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Chile (1933–1935)
  • *Robert Peet Skinner (1866–1960)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Greece (1926–1932)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Estonia (1931–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Latvia (1931–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Lithuania (1931–1933)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Turkey (1933–1936)
  • *Addison E. Southard (1884–1970)
    • Minister Resident/Consul General, Ethiopia (1927–1934)
  • Laurence Adolph Steinhardt (1892–1950)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Sweden (1933–1937)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Peru (1937–1939)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Russia (1939–1941)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Turkey (1942–1945)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Czechoslovakia (1944–1948)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Canada (1948–1950)
  • *Frederick Augustine Sterling (1876–1957)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ireland (1927–1934)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bulgaria (1933–1936)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Estonia (1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Latvia (1937)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Sweden (1938–1941)
  • Jesse Isidor Straus (1872–1936)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, France (1933–1936)
  • *George Thomas Summerlin (1872–1947)
    • Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Mexico (1924)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Honduras (1925–1929)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Venezuela (1929–1935)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Panama (1934)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Panama (1935–1937)
    • Chief of Protocol (1937)
  • Laurits Selmer Swenson (1865–1947)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Denmark (1897–1905)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Switzerland (1909–1911)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Norway (1911–1913)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Norway (1921–1930)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Netherlands (1931–1934)
  • *Ralph James Totten (1877–1949)
    • Minister Resident/Consul General, South Africa (1929–1930)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, South Africa (1930–1937)
  • *Alexander Wilbourne Weddell (1876–1948)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Argentina (1933–1938)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Spain (1939–1942)
  • *Benjamin Sumner Welles (1892–1961)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Cuba (1933)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1933)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1933–1937)
    • Under Secretary of State (1937–1943)
  • *George Post Wheeler (1869–1956)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Paraguay (1929–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Albania (1933–1934)
  • *Sheldon Whitehouse (1883–1965)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Guatemala (1929–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Colombia (1933–1934)
  • *Charles Stetson Wilson (1873–1947)
    • Chargé d’Affaires ad interim, Bulgaria (1921)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Bulgaria (1921–1928)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Romania (1928–1933)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Yugoslavia (1933–1937)
  • *Hugh Robert Wilson (1885–1946)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Switzerland (1927–1937)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1937–1938)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Germany (1938)
  • *Joshua Butler Wright (1877–1939)
    • Third Assistant Secretary of State (1923–1924)
    • Assistant Secretary of State (1924–1927)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Hungary (1927–1930)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Uruguay (1930–1934)
    • Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Czechoslovakia (1934–1937)
    • Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Cuba (1937–1939)