All Milestones - Milestones
All Milestones
NOTE TO READERS
“Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations” has been retired and is no longer maintained. For more information, please see the full notice.
“Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations” has been retired and is no longer maintained. For more information, please see the full notice.
1750–1775: Diplomatic Struggles in the Colonial Period
- Incidents leading up to the French and Indian War, 1753–54
- French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War, 1754–63
- Albany Plan of Union, 1754
- Treaty of Paris, 1763
- Parliamentary taxation of colonies, international trade, and the American Revolution, 1763–1775
- Proclamation Line of 1763, Quebec Act of 1774 and Westward Expansion
1776–1783: Diplomacy and the American Revolution
- Continental Congress, 1774–1781
- Secret Committee of Correspondence/ Committee for Foreign Affairs, 1775–1777
- The Declaration of Independence, 1776
- The Model Treaty, 1776
- French Alliance, French Assistance, and European Diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
- Benjamin Franklin: First American Diplomat, 1776–1785
- Articles of Confederation, 1777–1781
- Treaty of Paris, 1783
1784–1800: The Diplomacy of the Early Republic
- U.S. Debt and Foreign Loans, 1775–1795
- Constitutional Convention and Ratification, 1787–1789
- The United States and the French Revolution, 1789–1799
- The United States and the Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
- The Citizen Genêt Affair, 1793–1794
- John Jay’s Treaty, 1794–95
- Treaty of San Lorenzo/ Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795
- Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796
- The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800
1830–1860: Diplomacy and Westward Expansion
- Indian Treaties and the Removal Act of 1830
- The Amistad Case, 1839
- The Opening to China Part I: the First Opium War, the United States, and the Treaty of Wangxia, 1839–1844
- Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842
- The Oregon Territory, 1846
- The Annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1845–1848
- Founding of Liberia, 1847
- United States Maritime Expansion across the Pacific during the 19th Century
- Gadsden Purchase, 1853–1854
- The United States and the Opening to Japan, 1853
- The Opening to China Part II: the Second Opium War, the United States, and the Treaty of Tianjin, 1857–1859
- Territorial Expansion, Filibustering, and U.S. Interest in Central America and Cuba, 1849–1861
1866–1898: The Continued Expansion of United States Interests
- U.S. Diplomacy and the Telegraph, 1866
- Purchase of Alaska, 1867
- The Burlingame-Seward Treaty, 1868
- Commodore Robert W. Shufeldt’s Voyage to Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, 1878–1880
- Chinese Immigration and the Chinese Exclusion Acts
- Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power upon History: Securing International Markets in the 1890s
- Blaine and Pan Americanism, 1880s/1890s
- Venezuela Boundary Dispute, 1895–1899
- U.S. Diplomacy and Yellow Journalism, 1895–1898
- The Spanish-American War, 1898
1899–1913: Defending U.S. International Interests
- The Philippine-American War, 1899–1902
- Secretary of State John Hay and the Open Door in China, 1899–1900
- Japanese-American Relations at the Turn of the Century, 1900–1922
- Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904
- The Treaty of Portsmouth and the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905
- Dollar Diplomacy, 1909–1913
- The Chinese Revolution of 1911
- Building the Panama Canal, 1903–1914
1921–1936: Interwar Diplomacy
- The Washington Naval Conference, 1921–1922
- The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)
- The Dawes Plan, the Young Plan, German Reparations, and Inter-allied War Debts
- The Geneva Naval Conference, 1927
- The Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928
- The 1928 Red Line Agreement
- The Great Depression and U.S. Foreign Policy
- Protectionism in the Interwar Period
- The London Naval Conference, 1930
- The Mukden Incident of 1931 and the Stimson Doctrine
- Good Neighbor Policy, 1933
- Recognition of the Soviet Union, 1933
- New Deal Trade Policy: The Export-Import Bank & the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 1934
- The Neutrality Acts, 1930s
1937–1945: Diplomacy and the Road to Another War
- Japan, China, the United States and the Road to Pearl Harbor, 1937–41
- Mexican Expropriation of Foreign Oil, 1938
- American Isolationism in the 1930s
- Henry Luce and 20th Century U.S. Internationalism
- The Atlantic Conference & Charter, 1941
- Lend-Lease and Military Aid to the Allies in the Early Years of World War II
- U.S.-Soviet Alliance, 1941–1945
- Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, 1943
- Wartime Conferences, 1941–1945
- The Casablanca Conference, 1943
- The Tehran Conference, 1943
- Bretton Woods-GATT, 1941–1947
- The Yalta Conference, 1945
- The Potsdam Conference, 1945
- The Formation of the United Nations, 1945
1945–1952: The Early Cold War
- Atomic Diplomacy
- The Nuremberg Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Trials (1945–1948)
- Occupation and Reconstruction of Japan, 1945–52
- The Acheson-Lilienthal & Baruch Plans, 1946
- The Truman Doctrine, 1947
- National Security Act of 1947
- Kennan and Containment, 1947
- Marshall Plan, 1948
- The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949
- Creation of Israel, 1948
- The Arab-Israeli War of 1948
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949
- The Chinese Revolution of 1949
- NSC-68, 1950
- Decolonization of Asia and Africa, 1945–1960
- The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security Treaty (ANZUS Treaty), 1951
- The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (The McCarran-Walter Act)
- Korean War and Japan’s Recovery
1953–1960: Entrenchment of a Bi-Polar Foreign Policy
- Dien Bien Phu & the Fall of French Indochina, 1954
- The East German Uprising, 1953
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 1954
- The Taiwan Straits Crises: 1954–55 and 1958
- U.S.-China Ambassadorial Talks, 1955–1970
- The Warsaw Treaty Organization, 1955
- Bandung Conference (Asian-African Conference), 1955
- Khrushchev and the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party, 1956
- The Suez Crisis, 1956
- Sputnik, 1957
- The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957
- The Berlin Crisis, 1958–1961
- U-2 Overflights and the Capture of Francis Gary Powers, 1960
1961–1968: The Presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson
- The Laos Crisis, 1960–1963
- The Congo, Decolonization, and the Cold War, 1960–1965
- USAID and PL–480, 1961–1969
- The Bay of Pigs Invasion and its Aftermath, April 1961–October 1962
- The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962
- Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps, 1961–1969
- The Limited Test Ban Treaty, 1963
- U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War: the Gulf of Tonkin and Escalation, 1964
- The India-Pakistan War of 1965
- The 1967 Arab-Israeli War
- U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive, 1968
- Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968
- The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 1968
1969–1976: The Presidencies of Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford
- The Allende Years and the Pinochet Coup, 1969–1973
- Détente and Arms Control, 1969–1979
- The South Asia Crisis and the Founding of Bangladesh, 1971
- Nixon and the End of the Bretton Woods System, 1971–1973
- Strategic Arms Limitations Talks/Treaty (SALT) I and II
- Rapprochement with China, 1972
- The 1973 Arab-Israeli War
- Oil Embargo, 1973–1974
- Ending the Vietnam War, 1969–1973
- The Angola Crisis 1974–75
- Shuttle Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1974–1975
- Helsinki Final Act, 1975
1977–1981: The Presidency of Jimmy Carter
- “Buried in the Sands of the Ogaden”: The Horn of Africa and SALT II, 1977–1979
- Central America, 1977–1980
- Carter and Human Rights, 1977–1981
- Political and Security Relations between the United States and Western Europe, 1977–1981
- The North-South Dialogue and Economic Diplomacy
- Counter-Proliferation During the Carter Administration
- China Policy
- Camp David Accords and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process
- The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties
- The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the U.S. Response, 1978–1980