Editorial Note
In the four days between October 20 and October 23, the Four-Power Conference held three meetings, the Nine-Power Conference met twice and the Ministerial Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization held one meeting, all for the purpose of reaching final agreement on the instruments through which the Federal Republic of Germany could be integrated into NATO. In the compilation that follows, the editors have attempted to account for all the meetings mentioned [Page 1405] above, as well as the informal bilateral and multilateral discussions between leading officials of the various participating countries that were held during the conference.
In addition to the Department of State central files, especially file 396.1 PA, two lot files were particularly useful in preparing this compilation. The first was the Conference files, lot 60 D 627, which includes 16 folders of material relating to the meetings. The material is arranged as follows: folder CF 377—preparatory and position papers; CF 378–380, 382–389, and 393—telegrams and memoranda of conversation; CF 381—press releases; CF 390–391—verbatim records of the Nine-Power meetings; and CF 392—documents relating to the North Atlantic Ministerial Council meeting. The other lot file was the CFM files, lot M 88, which largely duplicates the materials listed above except that its holdings of telegraphic correspondence relating to the conference is less extensive.
The main telegram indicator series used during the conference was the Secto–Tosec series, which was utilized by the delegation for conference business between Washington and Paris beginning with the Secretary of State’s departure for Paris. The Dulte–Tedul indicator series was used when transmitting personal messages from and to the Secretary of State while at the conference in Paris.
For personal accounts of this conference by some of the major participants, see the following: Adenauer, Erinnerungen 1953–1955, pages 355–383; Eden, Full Circle, pages 169–174; Macmillan, Tides of Fortune, pages 482–483; and Spaak, The Continuing Battle, pages 186–188. See also British Command Paper 9304, Documents agreed on by the Conference of Ministers held in Paris, October 20–23, 1954. For the text of Dulles’ statement made on his departure from Washington on October 19, see the Department of State Bulletin, November 1, 1954, pages 638–639.
Since the records are incomplete concerning which members of the various delegations attended the meetings included in this compilation, the editors have attempted to list only the principal participants present at each meeting. The leading representatives on the delegations of the participating countries were as follows:
Belgium
| Paul-Henri Spaak | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Antoine Spinon | Minister of National Defense |
| Andre de Staercke | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Canada
| Lester B. Pearson | Secretary of State for External Affairs |
| L. Dana Wilgress | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Denmark
| H. C. Hansen | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Rasmus Hansen | Minister of Defense |
| Anthon Vestbirk | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
France
| Pierre Mendès-France | President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Roland de Moustier | Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs |
| André François-Poncet | High Commissioner for Germany |
| René Massigli | Ambassador to the United Kingdom |
| Alexandre Parodi | Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
Germany
| Konrad Adenauer | Chancellor |
| Theodor Blank | Member of the Bundestag and Adviser to the Chancellor |
| Walter Hallstein | Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs |
| Herbert Blankenhorn | Political Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
Greece
| Stephanos Stephanopoulos | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Panayotis Kanellopoulos | Minister of National Defense |
| Georges Exintaris | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Iceland
| Kristinn Gudmundsson | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Petur Benediktsson | Minister to France |
| Hans G. Andersen | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Italy
| Gaetano Martino | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Paolo Emilio Taviani | Minister of Defense |
| Adolfo Alessandrini | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Luxembourg
| Joseph Bech | President of the Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| André Clasen | Minister to the United Kingdom |
| Nic Hommel | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Netherlands
| Johan W. Beyen | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Cornelius Staf | Minister of Defense |
| Jonkheer A. W. L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Norway
| Halvard M. Lange | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Kai Knudsen | Minister of Defense |
| Arne Skaug | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Portugal
| Paulo Cunha | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Santos Costa | Minister of National Defense |
| de Tovar | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
Turkey
| Fuad Köprülü | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Nuri Birgi | Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
| Fatin B. Zorlu | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
United Kingdom
| Sir Anthony Eden | Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs |
| Harold Macmillan | Minister of Defense |
| Sir Gladwyn Jebb | Ambassador in France |
| Sir Christopher Steel | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
| Sir Harold Parker | Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defense |
| Sir Harold Caccia | Deputy Under-Secretary of State in the Foreign Office |
| Sir Frank Roberts | Deputy Under-Secretary of State in the Foreign Office |
| Sir Frederick Hoyer Millar | High Commissioner for Germany |
United States
| John Foster Dulles | Secretary of State |
| Robert B. Anderson | Deputy Secretary of Defense |
| Livingston T. Merchant | Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs |
| David K. E. Bruce | Ambassador to the European Coal and Steel Community |
| James B. Conant | High Commissioner for Germany |
| C. Douglas Dillon | Ambassador in France |
| H. Struve Hensel | Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs |
| John C. Hughes | Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council |
For documentation concerning the negotiations between France and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the Saar, which took place in Paris between October 20 and October 23 and culminated in the signing of a Saar Agreement on October 23, see pages 1458 ff.