Foreign Relations of the United States: Latest VolumesThe 10 most recently published volumes in the Foreign Relations of the United States series, sorted by year of publication.http://history.state.gov/atom/frus-metadata-v12024-03-11T00:32:51.428ZOffice of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of StateForeign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume IV, National Security Policyhttps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v04Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2023-01-04T15:10:52.237-04:002023-01-04T15:10:52.237-04:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume is part of a subseries of volumes of the Foreign Relations series that documents the foreign policy decision making of the administration of President Jimmy Carter. It focuses on the Carter administration’s efforts to modernize U.S. nuclear and conventional forces; undertake a comprehensive net assessment of the global balance of power; craft national security strategies; sustain the NATO alliance; preserve telecommunications security; devise a system for crisis management; prepare for national emergencies; and update nuclear war planning. Documentation is also included on budget decisions that initially reflected the Carter administration’s efforts to cut spending without damaging national security. (Published 2024-03-06. Editor: James G. Wilson. General Editor: Kathleen B. Rasmussen.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume X, Eastern Europehttps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1981-88v10Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2023-12-06T23:52:11-05:002023-12-06T23:52:11-05:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume is part of a subseries of volumes of the Foreign Relations series that documents the foreign policy decision-making of the administration of President Ronald Reagan. It highlights U.S. policy toward each of the countries in Eastern Europe – with the exception of Poland, which is covered in two separate volumes. The documentation focuses on the Reagan administration’s efforts to manage its policy of differentiation, laid out in the September 1982 National Security Decision Directive 54, which declared that “the primary long-term U.S. goal in Eastern Europe is to loosen the Soviet hold on the region and thereby facilitate its eventual reintegration into the European community of nations.” The administration sought to do this by continuing “to differentiate in its policies toward the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, and among the countries of Eastern Europe, so as to encourage diversity through political and economic policies tailored to individual countries.” The documentation shows that Eastern European officials struggled to understand the U.S. policy of differentiation, and that many sought to strengthen their country’s relationship with the United States to obtain better trade agreements, technology, and equipment, even as they endeavored to maintain their ties to the Soviet Union. (Published 2023-12-07. Editors: Melissa Jane Taylor, . .)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume I, Foundations of Foreign Policyhttps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1981-88v01Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2022-08-23T16:48:43-04:002022-08-23T16:48:43-04:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume is part of a subseries of volumes of the Foreign Relations series that documents the foreign policy decisions of the administration of President Ronald Reagan. This volume documents the intellectual foundations of the foreign policy pursued by President Ronald Reagan’s administration. Unlike other volumes in the Reagan subseries, the documentation seeks to illuminate the collective mindset of Reagan administration officials across foreign policy issues in the broadest sense. (Published 2022-09-09. Editor: Kristin L. Ahlberg. General Editor: Kathleen B. Rasmussen.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume XI, START Ihttps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1981-88v11Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2021-04-22T15:55:34.328-04:002021-04-22T15:55:34.328-04:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This is the first of two volumes in the Foreign Relations series devoted to the START I agreement (the “Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms”), which President George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed on July 29, 1991. It begins in the summer of 1981, when the Reagan administration recast the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) as the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) and concludes in early 1989 with the presidential transition to the Bush administration. Covered here are the initial rounds of negotiations in Geneva from June 1982 to November 1983; the incorporation of START into the Nuclear and Space Arms Talks (NST) in March 1985; the five meetings between Reagan and Gorbachev between 1985 and 1988; and the internal U.S. deliberations on strategic arms negotiations throughout these periods. Given the pivotal role of strategic defenses in negotiations on strategic arms reductions, deliberations and instructions pertaining to the Defense and Space Talks are also included in this volume. (Published 2021-04-22. Editor: James Graham Wilson. .)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–15, Part 2, Documents on Western Europe, 1973–1976, Second, Revised Editionhttps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve15p2Ed2Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2019-02-28T14:40:14.194-04:002019-02-28T14:40:14.194-04:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume is part of a Foreign Relations subseries that documents the most important foreign policy issues of the Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford administrations. The focus of this volume is on the relationship between the United States and Western Europe from 1973 until 1976. It begins by examining the relationship from a regional perspective, focusing on the Year of Europe initiative, U.S. relations with its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies and the European Communities, and issues such as the rise of Eurocommunism. The volume then explores U.S. bilateral relations with nine countries: Canada, Portugal, Iceland and Norway (paired in a single Nordic countries chapter), Spain, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, and Italy. (Published 2021-02-12. Editor: Kathleen B. Rasmussen. General Editor: Adam M. Howard.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume V, Soviet Union, March 1985–October 1986https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1981-88v05Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2020-11-30T06:13:39.911-06:002020-11-30T06:13:39.911-06:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume is part of a subseries of volumes of the Foreign Relations series that documents the foreign policy decisions of the administration of President Ronald Reagan. The volume documents the development and implementation of the Reagan administration’s policies toward the Soviet Union from March 1985 to October 1986. The volume focuses on how the administration approached the new Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, and his reform efforts; arms control negotiations at the Nuclear and Space Talks, which opened in Geneva in March 1985; the Geneva Summit of November 1985 and the Reykjavik Summit of October 1986, and various meetings among President Reagan, Secretary of State George Shultz, and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, his replacement Eduard Shevardnadze, and Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin. (Published 2020-12-01. Editor: Elizabeth C. Charles. General Editor: Kathleen B. Rasmussen.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume XI, Part 1, Iran: Hostage Crisis, November 1979–September 1980https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v11p1Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2020-10-20T10:34:07.428-05:002020-10-20T10:34:07.428-05:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume is part of a Foreign Relations subseries that documents the foreign policy decisions of the administration of President Jimmy Carter. The volume documents the Carter administration’s efforts to resolve the U.S.-Iranian crisis over the taking of U.S. hostages in Tehran. The absence of direct diplomatic communications between the United States and Iran during this period compelled the Carter administration to rely on a variety of official and unofficial intermediaries in its attempts to negotiate the release of the hostages. The administration considered and pursued a variety of diplomatic and economic strategies intended to convince the Iranian Government that it should take steps to end the crisis and secure the return of the hostages. Such moves included negotiations regarding the former Shah of Iran and his presence in the United States and other countries. The volume also documents Carter administration officials’ consideration of military pressure strategies, while they concurrently developed operational plans to rescue the hostages. Lack of success in the negotiation efforts led President Carter to authorize a military rescue mission in April 1980. The volume documents the rescue operation’s failure to free the hostages, as well as the Carter team’s handling of the mission aftermath and their continued work to achieve a resolution to the hostage crisis. The volume concludes in early September 1980, when Iran seated a new government and several leading Iranian officials publicly suggested their readiness to end the hostage crisis. (Published 2020-11-17. Editor: Linda W. Qaimmaqami. General Editor: Kathleen B. Rasmussen.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume IV, Soviet Union, January 1983–March 1985https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1981-88v04Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2019-09-06T14:17:34.328-04:002019-09-06T14:17:34.328-04:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.(Published 2020-02-16.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–9, Part 2, Documents on the Middle East Region, 1973–1976https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve09p2Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2019-10-15T13:29:33.424-05:002019-10-15T13:29:33.424-05:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This electronic-only volume is part of a subseries of volumes of the Foreign Relations series that documents the foreign policy decision making of the administrations of Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. This volume documents the formulation of U.S. policy toward the Middle East region as a whole, as well as the development of bilateral relationships with the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, from February 15, 1973, until December 28, 1976. During this period, Presidents Nixon and Ford and Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger devoted much of their attention to managing the political, economic and strategic effects of the October 1973 Arab-Israeli war on U.S. interests in the region. Though the United States enjoyed cordial relations with every state on the Arabian Peninsula, with the exception of the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, the U.S. Government was criticized for its relationship with and assistance to Israel during the war. The 1973–1974 oil embargo, led by Arab members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries against the United States and Western Europe, compounded the war’s impact and further complicated U.S. relations with most Middle Eastern states. In addition to raising international oil prices and creating a troubling financial situation for the United States, the embargo diminished U.S. prestige in the region at a moment when the Soviet Union’s influence in the eastern Mediterranean, the Horn of Africa, and South Asia appeared to be on the rise. (Published 2019-10-23. Editor: Paul Hibbeln. General Editor: Adam M. Howard.)Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume XIX, South Asiahttps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v19Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State2019-08-01T09:43:34.474-05:002019-08-01T09:43:34.474-05:00Pursuant to federal law, government-produced materials appearing on this site are not copyright protected.This volume documents the Carter administration’s approach to the South Asia region in response to the shifting political landscape at the end of the 1970s. During the first three years of Carter’s presidency, U.S. relations with South Asia were shaped by three contextual factors: tensions over nuclear proliferation, the rivalry between India and Pakistan, and the Carter administration’s preference for developing closer ties with democratically-elected governments. Under this preference, U.S. relations with India improved while relations with Pakistan withered. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in late December 1979 led Carter to seek closer relations with Pakistan in order to thwart what his administration feared to be a new era of Soviet expansion. Carter’s efforts to enlist support against the Soviet Union regarding Afghanistan eclipsed the administration’s fear of nuclear proliferation, and U.S. sponsorship of India-Pakistan rapprochement suffered from the U.S. attempt to send Pakistan large scale military aid and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s refusal to condemn the Soviet invasion. (Published 2019-08-08. Editor: Seth A. Rotramel. General Editor: Adam M. Howard.)