Index
- Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
- American Silk Spinning Co., 421, 423–424, 430
- Anglo-Iranian Oil Co., 571
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936). See under Japan: Axis powers: Tripartite military alliance.
- Arms and munitions. See under Undeclared war.
- Asiatic Petroleum Co., 740
- Australia, 513, 572
- Belgium, 379, 479, 748, 757, 763
- Berlin-Rome Axis, 12, 14, 23, 104, 111, 162, 567
- Burma. See under Undeclared war.
- Canada, 513
- Central China. See under Undeclared war.
- Chase National Bank, 377–378, 398–399, 408–409, 547, 721
- Chiang Kai-shek:
- Anglo-Japanese alliance, attitude toward possibility of, 217–219, 233–234
- Conditions for peaceful settlement of conflict with Japan, 169, 173, 176–177, 178–179, 197, 222, 254, 264, 283, 295–296
- Hainan and Spratly Islands, comments concerning Japanese occupation of, 105–108
- Soviet Union, attitude toward, 217–219, 220
- Statements of policy: General, 128–129, 133, 135, 161–162, 166–167, 170–171, 285, 663–664; possible U. S. aid to China, 687–691, 712–713, 717; relations with United States, 659–661
- Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation between United States and Japan (1911), attitude toward, 562
- Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 163
- China (see also
Undeclared war, and under
Japan):
- American rights and interests in China. See Undeclared war: Interference, Naval measures, and Protection.
- Boxer indemnity funds, 396, 805, 807, 810–811, 812, 814, 817–818, 826, 832, 843–844, 847–848
- Chiang Kai-shek. See Chiang Kai-shek.
- Communists, Chinese: Attitude of “Provisional Government” toward, 124–126; relations with National Government, 83, 142–143, 144, 190, 195–197, 208, 209–210, 300–301, 308–310; Soviet Union, relations with and influence of, 208, 308–309
- Cotton and wheat credits, 805, 842
- Customs problems, 800–867
- Administration: Functions and properties assumed by Japan, 803–804, 814, 820–821, 837–838, 841, 849; Inspector-General, attitude and actions of, 811–812, 818–820, 827, 851–852, 857–858; National Government, attitude of, 829; Wang Ching-wei, attitude of, 90–91
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement (1938):
- Attitude and actions of United States, 801, 808–809, 813, 817–818, 823, 830, 833–834, 838–839, 846–847, 856, 859, 861–862, 864–865
- Foreign exchange problem, 817, 835
- Integrity of Chinese customs: Japanese assurances regarding, 802; steps taken by United Kingdom and United States to ensure, 828, 836–837, 851, 853
- Loan and indemnity payments: Japanese, 845; service of loans, question of, 831–836, 860–861; suspension and deferment by National Government, 643–644, 804, 805, 806, 809, 810–811, 812, 824–825, 827–828, 840, 842, 847–848, 850, 854
- Representations by France, United Kingdom, and United States against Japanese measures, 800–803, 808, 856, 859, 861–862
- Revenues: Collection in occupied territories, question of, 843–845, 846–847, 855, 858; detained by Japanese, 402, 804, 806–807, 832–833; National Government, steps taken by, 410–411, 839–840
- Economic and financial matters. See Customs problems, supra; Salt Administration, infra; and under Undeclared war: China.
- France, relations with. See under Undeclared war.
- Germany, relations with, 374, 442, 661–662, 737, 748, 750–751, 757, 763, 815
- Kuomintang Government. See National Government, infra.
- Kwantung Army, 46
- Maritime customs. See Customs problems, supra.
- Mao Tse-tung, 142–143, 300–301, 308–309
- National Government:
- Cabinet changes, 326–327
- Central Executive Committee session, 132–133
- Chiang Kai-shek. See Chiang Kai-shek.
- Chinese Communists, relations with, 83, 142–143, 144, 190, 195–197, 208, 209–210, 300–301, 308–310
- Cooperation in Far East, international, principles proposed for, 525, 526, 527–528, 533–534, 535, 538
- Foreign loans, actions regarding, 643–644
- Interference by Japan with American treaty rights, steps regarding, 425, 447–448, 470–471, 648
- Internal support for, 178, 512
- “Provisional Government” relations with, 124–126
- Restrictions by Japan on foreign trade and shipping, actions regarding, 781, 783
- Rumors of personal gain in currency situation, 705–706
- Salt Administration, proposal for service of loans by, 831–836
- Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation between United States and Japan (1911), attitude toward, 346, 563
- North China. See under Undeclared war.
- “Open door” policy. See “Open door” policy.
- Protection of American lives and property. See under Undeclared war.
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of China.” See under Undeclared war.
- Railways: Burma-Yunnan, 754; Canton-Hankow, 717, 754, 794; Chinese Eastern, 81; Dong Bang-Nanning, 747, 749; Indochina–Yunnan, 115, 328, 717, 739, 740, 754; Kowloon–Canton, 776; Peking–Hankow, 141, 364; Peking–Liaoning, 141; Tientsin-Peiping, 222; Tientsin–Pukow, 364
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of China.” See under Undeclared war.
- Salt Administration: Foreign personnel, position of, 822, 837, 852, 853–855, 860–861, 862–866; merger with Ministry of Finance, question of, 840, 852, 853; National Government, proposal for service of loans by, 831–836; suspension of debt payments, 824–825
- Soviet Union:
- Assistance to China, 77, 93, 136, 142, 160, 198–199, 208, 261, 263, 283, 289, 641, 697, 718, 746, 753, 757, 764, 815
- Chinese Communists, relations with and influence on, 208, 308–309
- Chinese policy regarding, 262
- General relations, 225, 226–227, 235–236, 249, 250, 299, 301, 303
- Sinkiang Province, Soviet control of, 79
- Soviet policy toward China, 2–3, 25, 57, 62, 63, 68, 77–79, 82–88 passim, 91, 93, 96
- Trade with United States, 680, 681
- Tripartite military alliance of Axis powers, proposed, possible effect of, 34
- United Kingdom, relations with. See under Undeclared war.
- Wang Ching-wei. See under Undeclared war.
- War in Europe, attitude toward, 235–236
- China Consortium, proposal for dissolution of, and decision to continue its existence, 721–736
- Chou En-lai, 190–192
- Chrysler Corp., 643
- Commercial treaties and agreements. See under Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Communism (see also China: Communists), Japanese policy toward, 7, 12, 15, 21, 22, 71–72, 76
- Conventions. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Czechoslovakia, 18–21, 29, 652, 748
- Denmark, 757, 763
- European political situation (see also War in Europe, and under Japan: Axis powers): Effect on Far East, 158, 162, 165, 171–173, 181–182, 193, 214–215, 223, 228, 235–236, 247, 263, 273, 307, 313, 318, 527, 528, 540, 582, 689–690, 763; Japanese trade and industry affected by, 223–224
- Export-Import Bank of Washington, 488, 552, 642, 660, 667, 670, 675, 681, 693, 711, 742, 744–745, 751, 754, 755, 756, 848
- Federal Reserve Bank, 367, 369, 379, 382, 385–386, 401, 404–405, 410, 412, 414–415, 422, 424, 431, 442, 443, 448, 463, 470, 474
- Finland, 96, 98
- France (see also under Undeclared war):
- Freedom of navigation. See Undeclared war: Naval measures.
- French Indo-China. See Undeclared war: Indo-China.
- General Motors Corp., 643
- Germany (see also
Japan: Axis powers):
- Annexation of Sudetenland, 18–21, 29
- China, relations with, 374, 442, 661–662, 737, 748, 750–751, 757, 763, 815
- Former Pacific colonies, proposal for return of, 26
- France, relations with, 18
- Hitler, Adolf: Message of President Roosevelt to, 25, 41, 43–44; relations with Soviet Union, 214, 662
- Polish determination to resist German aggression, 57
- Ports in China, request for, 26
- Rumor of offer to mediate settlement in China, 283, 313
- Soviet Union, general relations with, 214–215, 247
- Trade relations with United States, 521–522
- United Kingdom, relations with, 18, 74
- Good offices. See Undeclared war: Mediation.
- Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
- Hainan Island. See under Japan: Expansionist movement.
- Hitler, Adolf. See under Germany.
- Holy See, 302
- Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., 452, 637, 640, 649, 650, 653, 723, 724, 725, 726, 728, 732, 733, 734, 735, 812, 843, 844
- India, 491, 493
- Indo-China. See under Undeclared war.
- Inner Mongolia, 416–417
- International conference for world peace, possibility of, 182–185, 200–202, 203, 204–205
- Italy (see also Japan: Axis powers, and under Undeclared war), 5, 9–10, 521–522
- Japan (see also
Undeclared war):
- Armament limitation, naval, attitude toward, 23
- Axis powers and Soviet Union, relations with, 1–102
- Analyses and reviews by United States (see also under Tripartite military alliance, infra), 60, 64–69, 76–78, 319–321
- Attitude of United States toward Japan, influence of, 6–7, 14, 21–23, 30–31, 34–38, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 48, 55, 56, 58, 60, 65, 69, 78, 84–87, 91–101 passim
- European political situation, relation to (see also War in Europe), 18–21, 24, 25, 27, 29–30, 31, 32, 36, 42–44, 45–46, 52–53, 57, 60, 61, 68, 100
- Far Eastern situation, relation to: General, 6, 7, 8, 14, 25, 36, 73–74, 80, 88, 89, 100; U. S. view of, 92–95, 98–99
- General relations, 232, 247, 359, 370–571, 374, 430, 433, 488, 541
- Hostilities between Japan and Soviet Union on “Manchoukuo”–Outer Mongolia border, 17, 46–47, 50, 59, 63, 68, 69, 70–71, 73, 75–81 passim, 83, 92, 95, 102, 243, 287
- Internal political situation and extremist elements in Japan, consideration of, 1–3, 24–25, 26, 29, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40–41, 42, 47, 48, 53, 54–55, 64–65, 84, 86, 87, 92, 100, 181
- Japanese-German-Soviet axis, possibility of, 596
- Non-aggression pact with Japan, Soviet proposal for: General, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 62–63, 66, 67–68, 70, 71–73, 82, 92, 95–100; German pressure on Japan to cooperate with Soviet Union, 83–84, 86–87, 243
- Non-aggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union (Aug. 23), 51–57, 60–67, 74, 214–215, 217–218, 219, 233, 287
- Tripartite military alliance of Axis powers,
question of:
- Analyses and reviews by United States, 1–3, 11, 14–15, 18–19, 24–26, 28–32, 34–38, 40–42, 43—44
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936): German threat to denounce, 28, 32; “Manchoukuo”, desire to join, 4–5; Polish refusal to adhere to, 10–11, 19, 30; strengthening of, 4, 6–8, 12–13, 13–14, 20–21, 25–26, 30, 32, 33, 45, 53, 55–56, 66, 75, 99, 298
- China, possible effect on, 34
- France, views and steps of, 34, 36, 38–40, 58–59
- German and Italian pressure on Japan, and Japanese resistance to, 5, 6, 9–10, 11–12, 20–21, 23, 26, 27–28, 32, 33, 38–39, 40–41, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50–51, 53
- German pressure on Soviet Union, 2, 27–28
- United Kingdom, views and steps of, 5, 6–9, 13, 15, 20–21, 27, 34, 36, 38, 39–40, 61; Anglo-Japanese conversations, 48
- China, relations with:
- Chinese Eastern Railway, Japanese payment on, 81
- Customs, maritime and salt administration. See China: Customs problems and Salt Administration.
- General policy toward and position in, 1, 2–3, 9, 12, 13, 15, 25, 29, 41–42, 43–44, 55, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72–73, 76–78, 83–84, 85, 97, 98–99, 105, 276–282, 303–305, 310–311, 315–316, 325, 509, 512, 607–608
- Japanese population in China, 303
- Salt Gabelle control by Japan, 90
- Communism, general policy toward, 7, 12, 15, 21, 22, 71–72, 76
- Expansionist movement, southward advance of:
- Hainan and the Spratly Islands,
occupation of, 103–123, 748, 779, 817
- American missionaries and interests, protection of, 109, 110
- Views and analyses of United States, 109, 118, 121–123
- Netherlands East Indies, Japanese threat to, 84, 117, 121, 122, 173, 175
- Paracel Islands, possible occupation of, 112
- Siam, Japanese threat to, and Siamese internal political situation, 118–121
- Hainan and the Spratly Islands,
occupation of, 103–123, 748, 779, 817
- France, relations with (see also Undeclared war: Shanghai and Tientsin, and under Axis powers: Tripartite military alliance, supra):
- Inner Mongolia, trade monopoly in, 416–417
- Internal political situation (see also under Axis powers, supra): General, 284, 288, 480, 585, 604, 635; debates on policy, 486–488; possible effect of sanctions on, 517–519, 523–524; relationship of government with military, 608, 622
- Italy, relations with, 228, 260, 359, 370–371, 374
- League of Nations, withdrawal from, 14
- “Manchoukuo” (see also Axis powers: Hostilities, supra: Consolidation with Japan and China, question of, 310, 316, 349, 374, 441, 487, 621; export and sale of war materials by United States, question of, 482–483, 488; foreign missionaries in, 304; Japanese forces in, 286; non-recognition by United States, 323, 489; recognition by China, question of, 283, 310
- Nomura, Admiral Kichisaburo, 297–299
- Outer Mongolia. See Axis powers: Hostilities, supra.
- Poland, relations with, 45, 57, 58, 210–211, 222, 232
- Soviet Union, relations with (see
also
Axis powers, supra):
- Attitude of Soviet Union toward Japan, 57
- Fisheries question, 2, 12, 15, 68, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92
- General, 71, 78–79, 80, 83–84, 85–87, 89–96, 98, 100, 101, 122, 136, 243, 246–247, 248, 249, 298, 302–303, 319–320, 602, 604
- Japanese fear of Soviet Union, 136, 211, 213, 214, 608
- Negotiations with Japan, U. S. attitude toward possibility of, 319–321
- Sakhalin Island, Japanese concessions on, 47, 62, 68, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92
- Trade agreement negotiations, 81, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96
- Trade relations with other countries, 521–522, 529, 535, 572, 638, 646, 748–749
- Treaty of commerce and navigation with
United States (1911), notice of
termination, and discussion regarding possibility of new
agreement, 558–635
- Attitude of American nationals in China, 615; of Chinese National Government, 346, 562, 563; of Japan, 96, 455, 564–568, 569–571, 576, 592–593, 598, 600–601, 614, 624–625, 626–628, 629–630, 632–634; of United Kingdom, 435, 571–573
- Japanese vessels and treaty merchants in United States, position of, 617–619, 626, 634, 635
- Modus vivendi, possibility of, 585, 590, 610, 611, 620, 622, 623, 625, 626–627, 628, 633
- Termination of arts. V and XIV, question of, 535–537
- United Kingdom, relations with. See under United Kingdom.
- United States, relations with (see also Treaty of commerce, supra): General, 143–144, 171, 172, 173, 180, 213–214, 232, 252, 255, 271, 298, 343, 354–355, 358, 371, 373, 383, 386, 390, 416–418, 423, 447, 461, 462n , 521–522, 564–568, 569–571, 574–576, 582–583, 587–588, 589, 595–599, 603–613, 616–617, 657; “good-will mission” from United States, Japanese suggestion for, 546–547; good-will visit of Prince Konoye, proposed, 392
- War in Europe, attitude toward, 67, 71, 72, 73, 121, 228, 252, 298, 621, 792
- Kuhn, Loeb and Co., 721, 724, 725
- Latvia, 331
- League of Nations, continued interest in checking Japanese
aggression in China, 330–348
- Attitudes, actions and question of participation of—
- China: Financial assistance for industry, request for, 345–346; League action, pressure for, 330–333, 335, 336, 339, 346–347
- Other countries: France, 331, 333, 340; Japanese withdrawal, 14; Latvia, 331; New Zealand, 334; Soviet Union, 331, 334, 340; United Kingdom, 331, 333, 334–335, 340; United States, 336–341 passim, 343, 344; Yugoslavia, 334
- Council reports and resolutions considered and adopted:
- Sanctions against Japan under art. 16 of Covenant, question of, 337
- Attitudes, actions and question of participation of—
- Liberia, 761
- Life Book Co., 209–210
- Lithuania, 748
- Manchuria. See Japan: “Manchou-kuo.”
- Mao Tse-tung, 142–143, 300–301, 308–309
- Missionaries, 109, 110, 304
- Mongolia, Inner, 416–417
- Mongolia, Outer. See Japan: Axis powers: Hostilities.
- “Moral embargo”. See Undeclared war: Sanctions, etc.
- Morgan, J. P., and Co., 721, 732, 834–836
- Most-favored-nation principle, 536, 571, 577, 631
- Munich agreement (1938), 2, 21, 108
- Mussolini, Benito, 18, 104
- Navigation, freedom of. See Undeclared war: Naval measures.
- Netherlands: East Indian possessions, Japanese threat to, 84, 117, 121, 122, 173, 175; sanctions against Japan, position regarding possibility of, 479, 518n , 531
- Neutrality legislation of United States, 152, 153–155, 548
- New Zealand, 334
- Nine Power Treaty (1922): Application to Far East situation, 332, 335, 349, 353, 520, 543–544, 600, 601, 605–606, 610, 670; Chiang Kai-shek, interest of, 688–689, 690; Japanese violation of, 146, 333, 407, 609; possibility of revision, 601, 610
- Nomura, Admiral Kichisaburo, 297–299
- North China. See under Undeclared war.
- Norway, 571
- “Open door” policy, 375, 378, 416, 486, 487, 597, 601, 606, 607–608, 611, 633, 640, 656
- Outer Mongolia. See Japan: Axis powers: Hostilities.
- Paracel Islands, 112
- Philippine Islands, 535
- Poland:
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), refusal to adhere to, 10–11, 19, 30
- German aggression, determination to resist, 57
- Japan, relations with, 45, 57, 58, 210–211, 222, 232
- Neutrality, question of, 19, 30
- Soviet Union, relations with: Refusal to permit passage of Soviet troops, 57; Soviet invasion of Poland, 72, 79
- United Kingdom, relations with, 30
- Reconstruction Finance Corp., 488, 489
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President): Burma Road, interest in rumors of British closure of, 701–702; Chiang Kai-shek, communications with, 663–664, 714–715, 720; European war, attitude toward possibility of, 165; Executive order returning Navy to Pacific coast, 23; interest in actions against Japanese aggression, 331; message to Hitler, 25, 41, 43–44
- Sakhalin Island, 47, 62, 68, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92
- Sanctions. See under Undeclared war.
- Shanghai. See under Undeclared war.
- Siam, 118–121
- Simian (Spratly) Islands, 111–117, 118, 121
- South China. See Undeclared war: Canton, and under Interference: Banking and Restrictions.
- Soviet Union (see also
Japan: Axis powers):
- China, relations with. See under China.
- Finland, attack on, 96, 98
- France, relations with, 38, 39, 48, 51–52, 65, 72, 296
- Germany, general relations with, 214–215, 247
- Japan, general relations with. See under Japan.
- League of Nations, activity in, 331, 334, 340
- Poland, relations with: Polish refusal to permit passage of Soviet troops, 57; Soviet invasion of, 72, 79
- Trade with United States, 549–550
- United Kingdom, relations with, 18–19, 26, 27, 30, 32, 38, 39, 41, 42–43, 44, 45–46, 48, 51–52, 65, 74, 77, 220
- Spratly Islands. See Japan: Expansionist movement: Hainan and the Spratly Islands.
- Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich, 746
- Standard Oil Co., 383, 460, 462
- Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., 350, 352, 357–358, 390–391, 419, 458, 468, 740
- Sweden, 571
- Switzerland, 427, 748
- Tariff Act of 1930, 483, 537, 552, 556
- Texas Oil Co., 350
- Thailand, 118–121
- Trade Agreements Act (1934), 551, 556
- Treaties, conventions, etc.:
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement (1938). See under China: Customs.
- Anglo-Japanese treaty of alliance (1902), 568
- Anglo-Polish mutual assistance pact, Apr. 6, 30
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) . See under Japan: Axis powers: Tripartite military alliance.
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, 801
- China Consortium (1920), 721–736
- Commercial treaties:
- Anglo-Japanese commercial treaty (1911), 492, 575
- U. S.–Japan (1911). See Japan: Treaty of commerce.
- Franco-Japanese agreement (1907), 103, 115
- Franco-Soviet mutual assistance pact (1935), 42–43, 72
- Geneva Convention (1925), 748, 758, 768
- Germany–Soviet Union, non-aggression pact, Aug. 23, 51–57, 60–67, 74, 217–218, 219, 233, 287
- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1929), 619
- Munich agreement (1938), 2, 21, 108
- Nine Power Treaty (1922) See Nine Power Treaty.
- Pact of Paris (1928), 146, 155
- Polish-Soviet non-aggression treaty (1932), 72
- Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 52, 68
- Undeclared war between Japan and China, 124–867
- Arms and munitions:
- China, supply by foreign powers to (see also China: War material, infra), 145, 160, 198–199, 234, 248, 261, 263, 289, 296, 348, 718, 737, 742, 743–745, 751–752, 757–760, 762–763, 815
- Japan, export and sale of war material to, question of (see also Sanctions, infra): United Kingdom, 736–737; United States, 339, 343, 475–478, 482–483, 488, 505–506; 521–523, 530–533, 544, 548, 741–742
- Transport of. See Transport, infra.
- U.S. legislation prohibiting export of, 548
- Burma: British closure of Burma Road in answer to Japanese demands, question of, 698, 701–702, 704; Burma Road to China, 234, 248, 636, 698, 701–702, 704, 717, 738, 753–755, 772; communication and transport routes through, 234, 248, 636, 748, 757, 760, 764; effects of possible sanctions against Japan on, 493
- Canton: Currency restrictions, 460, 462, 468; customs problems, 800–801, 802; Pearl River, Japanese restrictions on commercial shipping and navigation on, 421, 423–424, 430, 633, 778, 779, 790–791, 792, 794, 797, 798, 799; withdrawal of French and British gunboats from, question of, 238
- Central China (see also “Reformed Government,” and under Interference: Banking and Restrictions, infra), 355–356, 397–399, 409
- Chefoo: Currency restrictions, 379, 452, 454, 466–467; customs problems, 803, 820; Japanese trade restrictions, 350, 353, 360, 374
- Chiang Kai-shek. See Chiang Kai-shek.
- China (see also
Central China, supra;
North China
and
South China, infra):
- Anglo-Japanese alliance, attitude toward, 217–219, 225–226, 233–234, 235
- Arms and munitions. See War material, infra, and under Arms and munitions, supra.
- Chou En-lai, 190–192
- Economic and financial matters (see also
Financial aid to China,
and
Interference, infra):
- Aid by United States, 548, 551, 552–554, 555, 655–657, 660, 667, 669–670, 675–676, 703, 742, 743–745, 751–752
- Analysis by United States, 424–426
- Effect of war on, 824–825
- Exchange control, 206–207, 366, 368, 374, 375, 377, 404–405, 415, 426–427, 650, 677, 678, 685
- Foreign trade, Japanese restrictions on (see also Canton: Pearl River, supra; Naval measures, Swatow, and Tsingtao, infra), 389–390, 425, 467–468, 469, 548
- Financial aid to China (see also
Economic and financial
matters: Aid, supra), consideration of
possibilities of, 636–720
- Currency credits granted by United Kingdom, 637–641, 643, 648–649, 650–655, 667–668, 672–674, 680, 686–687, 693, 694–695, 699, 707–708
- Currency stabilization fund, 168, 377, 665–666, 674–675, 677, 678–679, 680, 684–685, 686, 692–693, 695, 702; Chinese attitude toward, 657, 682, 692–693, 696–697, 710, 717; Japanese attitude toward, 658
- France, actions of, 659, 671–672, 674–675, 676, 679, 683, 685, 686, 692–693, 698
- Soviet Union, aid granted by, 697
- U.S. and British parallel action, question of, 642, 644–645
- U.S. interest in, 642, 644–645, 677, 678, 683–684, 700, 704–705
- Foreign concessions, Japanese control of (see also Shanghai and Tientsin, infra), 250–251, 294
- France, relations with. See under France, infra.
- Germany, war supplies and credits to China, 737, 748, 750–751, 757, 763, 815
- League of Nations. See under League of Nations: Attitudes.
- United Kingdom, relations with. See under United Kingdom, infra.
- United States, general relations with, 171, 180–181, 207, 212, 236, 293–295, 335–336, 508–514, 605–613, 662–663, 666–667, 712–713
- War material from other countries, efforts to secure, 736–774
- Declaration of war, formal, question of, 153–155, 158
- France (see also
Indo-China, Shanghai, and
Tientsin, infra):
- China, relations with: Aid and supplies to China, 40, 659, 671–672, 674–675, 676, 679, 683, 685, 686, 692–693, 698, 739, 740–741, 743, 746–749, 755, 757, 766–767, 772; French interests in, and general relations with, 18, 40, 86, 88, 91, 162, 213, 273–275, 327–328, 535, 538
- Currency situation in North China, steps in regard to, 372, 379, 380, 405, 427, 437–438
- Hainan and the Spratly Islands, attitude toward Japanese occupation of, 103–105, 108–109, 110, 112–116
- Sanctions against Japan, views regarding, 539, 541–543
- Shipment of arms to China, Japanese protests regarding, 766, 768, 769, 770–772
- Hankow: Customs problems, 837–838, 841; foreign shipping, restrictions imposed by Japanese on, 430, 432–433, 434, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 455–457, 459, 461, 775; restrictions on foreign nationals, 354–355, 356, 357
- Hong Kong, 369, 460, 776, 799, 866–867
- Indo-China:
- Bombings by Japan, 118
- Effect of capture of Nanning on, 716–717, 718–719
- Embargo on iron shipments to Japan, 529, 535, 539
- French policies in, 145, 296, 529, 535, 539, 541, 698
- General situation, 273–275, 329, 541
- Transshipment of arms to China through, 103–110 passim, 115, 145, 739, 740–741, 742, 743, 746–749, 756–757, 758–759, 762, 763–764, 765, 766; Chinese fear of closure of route, 234, 248, 296; Japanese action regarding, 766, 768, 769, 770
- Interference by Japan with American treaty
rights and with equality of commercial opportunity in China,
348–474
- Banking, currency, and foreign exchange policies and practices: Central China, 397–399, 409, 410, 647; North China, 361–362, 364–365, 366, 367, 369–370, 379, 382, 383–384, 406–407, 414–415, 421–422, 424–425, 431, 436, 441–442, 443–444, 452, 458–459, 468; South China, 460, 462, 468
- Joint action, consultations and representations by interested governments, 372, 373, 376–378, 379, 380, 381, 428–429, 431–432, 435, 437–440, 677, 708–709
- Monopolies imposed in China by Japan, 393–394, 416–417, 440–441, 465, 471, 472, 473
- Restrictions imposed by Japanese military authorities: Central China, 355, 358, 360–361, 363, 364, 383, 430, 432–433, 434–435, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 455–457, 459; North China, 304, 350, 352, 353, 357, 360–361, 365–366, 370, 385, 390–391, 393, 411, 413–414, 415–416, 417–418, 419, 446, 469–470; South China, 421, 423–424, 430
- Steps taken by—
- International Settlement. See under Shanghai, infra.
- Italy: Foreign armed forces in China, interest in, 253–254; Japan, relations with, 359, 370–371, 374; Shanghai and Tientsin, question of Japanese control over Italian concessions in, 228, 260
- Japan:
- Aims and objectives, analyses of, 172–173, 297–299, 358–559, 486–488, 594
- Economic and financial matters (see also
China: Customs problems; Interference, supra;
Sanctions, infra):
- Central China Development Co., 312
- China, policy in, 303, 310, 312–313, 314–315, 363–364, 368, 553
- Currency in occupied areas of China, 206–207, 304, 317, 361–362, 365, 367, 379, 382, 383–384, 397–399, 403, 409, 410–411, 694
- Economic sufficiency, struggle for, 276–282
- Foreign trade: Embargo on, question of, 317–318, 319, 595–596, 602–603, 609; general, 374, 375–376, 389–390, 529
- Internal capitalistic system, 517–519, 523–524; currency problem in, 606
- International Express Co. (Kokusai Unyu), expansion in North China, 363–364
- Measures by United Kingdom and United States against Japan, possibility of, 173, 175, 177, 179–180
- Establishment of new regime in China under Wang Ching-wei, question of, 130, 132, 143, 157, 208, 248–249, 260, 284, 286, 287, 297, 299, 310–511, 323–324, 487, 601, 602, 607, 771, 851–852, 861
- General position in China, U. S. analysis of, 174–176, 181–185, 193–194, 250–251, 268–269, 322–323, 506–507
- International conference to discuss China, proposed, 135
- Nine Power Treaty (1922), violation of, 146, 333, 407, 609
- Occupied areas of China (see also China: Customs problems; also Interference, supra, and Naval measures, infra): Military activities in, 148–152, 161, 206, 209, 265–266, 396; policies in, 126–127, 130–131, 148–152, 190, 276–282
- Peace proposals, 152, 155–157, 158, 159–160, 165, 167, 174, 177, 210–211, 214–215, 223, 262, 304, 310, 535; “peace assembly,” 192–193
- Trade restrictions in China. See Interference: Restrictions, supra; Naval measures, Shanghai, and Tientsin, infra.
- Kiukiang Province, 148–152
- Kwangsi Province, Japanese invasion of, 766–767
- League of Nations. See League of Nations.
- “Manchoukuo.” See under Japan.
- Mediation and good offices (see also Peace, infra): Anglo-American, consideration of, 167, 180, 211–212, 220, 276; Chinese request for, 222; Inspector General of Customs, suggestion by, 811–812; rumor of German offers, 283, 313
- Military operations (see also
Military situation, infra):
- Atrocities and acts of terrorism (see also Bombings, infra), 148–150
- Bombings: Attacks on civilians and open towns, 339, 341–342; general, 118, 140, 161, 170, 343
- Ground operations: Haimen area, 779, 781; Hainan and the Spratly Islands, occupation of, 103–123, 748, 779, 817; Kwangsi Province, Japanese invasion of, 766–767; Nanning, Japanese capture of, 88, 91, 109, 110, 716–717, 718–719, 766, 768–769; occupied areas, Japanese activities in, 148–152, 161, 206, 209, 265–266, 396; Pakhoi, possible Japanese attack on, 107, 109, 110; Shansi Province, 140; Yunnanfu, Japanese attack on, 109
- Guerrilla warfare, 138–139, 141, 142, 144, 191–192
- Naval operations. See Naval measures, infra.
- Military situation:
- China (see also Foreign armed forces in China, infra): General, 127–128, 136, 160–161, 189, 206, 514–515; military requirements, cost of, 686
- Foreign armed forces in China, question of withdrawal of (see also the following, infra: Shanghai: International Settlement and French Concession; Tientsin: British and French Concessions), 232, 238, 253–254, 266–267, 268, 270–271, 292–293
- Japan: Attempt to use Chinese troops, failure of, 301; general, 129, 136, 137–139, 161, 170, 287–288, 484, 506–507, 512–513, 769; Navy, 147, 206, 531; position in China, 287–288, 304–305, 312; supreme command of armies in China, Japanese establishment of, 245–246
- “Moral embargo”. See Sanctions, etc., infra.
- Nanning, Japanese capture of, 88, 91, 109, 110, 716–717, 718–719, 766, 768–769
- Naval measures by China and Japan along
coasts and in rivers of China, and effect on American and
other shipping, 774–800
- Measures by China to restrict foreign shipping, 785–786
- Measures by Japan to foster monopoly and restrict foreign shipping and trade, and requests for foreign nations to respect (see also Canton: Pearl River, supra; Yangtze River: Freedom of navigation, infra), 775, 776, 779–780, 781, 783, 784–785, 786, 787, 789, 790, 791, 794, 797; British attitude, 797–799; U. S. views and steps, 775–776, 786–787, 788, 799–800
- North China (see also “Provisional Government” and Tientsin, infra, and under Interference: Banking and Restrictions, supra): British and French interest in, 86, 88; fur and skin trade, Japanese interference with, 390, 393, 413–414, 415–416, 446
- North China Development Co., 278–279
- North China Economic Mission, 163–164
- Peace negotiations, question of (see also Mediation, supra): Chinese National Government, 166–167, 168, 177–178, 243–244; Japan, 152, 155–157, 158, 159–160, 165, 167, 174, 177, 192–193, 210–211, 214–215, 223, 262, 304, 310
- Peiping: British and French forces in, possible withdrawal of, 252–253, 314; exchange control in, 379
- Peiping Government. See “Provisional Government,” infra.
- Protection of American lives and property in
China, U. S. measures regarding (see
also
Shanghai
and
Tientsin, infra):
- American armed forces in China, rôle of, 230–232, 293
- Bombing by Japan of American properties in China, and steps taken by United States, 343
- Chinese monopolies and trade restrictions, U. S. actions regarding, 662–663, 664–665, 666–667, 668–669, 670, 710, 714, 719–720
- Currency and foreign exchange restrictions, steps taken for reservation of American rights in regard to: Central China, 355, 358, 360–361, 363, 364, 383, 430, 432–433, 434–435, 471; North China, 371, 372, 373, 375–376, 463–464, 474; South China, 421, 423–424, 430, 432–433, 434, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 454
- Foreign armed forces in China. See under Military situation, supra.
- Freedom of movement in China, restrictions imposed by Japan, and U. S. steps taken, 354–355, 356, 357, 373
- Japanese assurances, 600, 601, 614, 625
- Measures by Japan to restrict navigation of foreign vessels in Chinese waters, U. S. steps regarding, 775–776, 786–787, 788, 793–794, 790–800
- Missionaries, 109, 110, 304
- Representations to Japan by United States, 255, 343, 354–355, 358, 371, 373, 386, 390, 410–418, 423, 447, 461, 462n , 595, 657
- Right of Japanese to search American nationals, question of, 384, 386, 387–388, 454, 466–467
- Tsinghua University, American protests at Japanese actions in, 395–396
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of
China:”
- Banking, currency, and foreign exchange policies and practices in North China. See North China under Interference: Banking and Restrictions, supra.
- Chiang Kai-shek and Chinese National Government, relations with, 124–126, 142–143, 144
- Chinese Communists, attitude toward, 124–126
- Japan, relations with, 185–186
- Japanese economic policy toward, 163–164
- “North China Economic Mission,” dispatch to Japan, 163–164
- Peace settlement, attitude toward, 139–140
- Rehabilitation work, 280
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of China:” Currency regulations in Central China (see also Central China under Interference: Banking and Restrictions, supra), 367, 395, 397, 471; monopolies, 441
- Sanctions against Japanese policies of
aggression and violation of treaty rights, consideration of;
use of so-called “moral embargo,” 475–558
- Aeronautic equipment and aviation gasoline, U. S. embargo on, 549–550, 555–556, 557–558
- Analyses of situation by United States, 479–481, 483–485, 486, 489–490, 496–497, 499–500, 509, 516–521, 523–524, 530–533
- Chiang Kai-shek, attitude of, 688–689
- Economic and financial aid to Japan by United States, question of, 545–546
- France, views of, 539, 541–543
- Isolation of Japan, question of, 612–613
- Japan’s attitude toward sanctions and “moral embargo,” 5, 7, 122, 488, 495–496, 519, 557, 576
- Other nations, possible effects on, 491, 493, 518, 524n , 531
- Sale of materials to Japan by United States, question of, 475–478, 482–483, 488–489, 495–495, 503–504, 505, 521–523, 530, 549–550
- United Kingdom, views of, 478–479, 490–493, 497–499
- U. S. Congress, steps taken by, 533, 536, 550
- Shanghai:
- Concessions, Chinese restrictions on, 649–650, 655
- Courts, Chinese assertion of authority over, 317
- Customs problems, 843–845, 846–847, 855, 858, 859
- Economic and financial matters, 317, 355, 369–370, 394–395, 396–397, 398–399
- French Concession, question of Japanese control over, 86, 88, 227–228, 234, 237, 239–240, 246–247, 272, 317
- International Settlement: Extra-Settlement roads question, 101; French interest in, 39, 86, 88; Japanese control, question of, 227–228, 230–231, 234, 237, 239–240, 241–243, 252–253, 272; precautions and steps to protect, 215–217
- Japanese monopoly of trade in, 465–466, 471, 472, 473
- Restriction of Chinese national currency by Japan, 317, 355, 396–397, 398
- Shantung Province, 416, 417, 418, 463
- South China. See Canton, and under Interference: Banking and Restrictions, supra.
- Swatow, 466, 467–468, 469, 473, 786, 789, 849, 856, 859
- “Ta Tao Government”, 767
- Tientsin:
- British and French Concessions:
- Anglo-Japanese negotiations regarding, 679, 694
- Currency situation. See Interference: Banking: North China, supra.
- Silver reserves in, 382, 432, 436, 438–439, 442, 638, 693, 694, 695
- Transportation of goods into, Japanese restrictions on, 411, 415–416, 419, 674
- Withdrawal of troops, question of, 242, 244–245, 247, 252–253, 256–257, 258–259, 272, 289–292, 306–307, 313–314
- Chiang Kai-shek, interest of, 186–188
- Exchange control in, 379, 414–415
- Italian Concession, 228, 260
- Japanese Concession, 384, 386, 388, 389
- British and French Concessions:
- Transport and communications: Foreign equipment in China, use of, 641, 642–643; internal improvements in China, 739–740; Japanese control of, 278, 279; supplies, shipment to China (see also Burma and Indo-China, supra), 240, 296, 328, 542, 716–717, 718–719, 757–758
- Tsinan, 265–266
- Tsingtao, Japanese trade and currency restrictions in, 352, 374, 379, 383, 387, 391–392, 393, 468, 469–470, 472, 474
- “United Council of the Government of the Republic of China,” 125–126
- United Kingdom (see also
Shanghai
and
Tientsin, supra):
- China, relations with: Financial aid to, 317, 335, 377, 637–641, 643, 648–649, 650–655, 667–668, 672–674, 680, 680–687, 693, 694–695, 699, 707–708; general policy and interests in, 8, 9, 13, 15, 18, 25, 77, 86, 88, 91, 125–126, 162, 167–169, 207–208, 299–300, 321, 377, 528, 665–666, 739; request by China for war material, 746
- China Consortium, interest in proposed dissolution of, 723, 729–730, 732, 735, 736
- Currency and foreign exchange restrictions in China, interest in: Central China, 399, 465; North China, 373, 376–378, 388, 427, 440, 442–443, 647–648
- Currency stabilization, 168, 377, 665–666, 674–675, 677, 678–679, 680, 684–685, 686, 692–693, 695, 702
- Customs problems, steps regarding, 800–801, 802, 810, 815, 843–845, 849, 856, 861–864 “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” non-recognition of, 431
- Shipment of war material through British territory, question of, 760, 761, 764
- Withdrawal of British troops from China, question of, 215–217, 256–257, 272, 283, 289–292, 294–295, 305, 306–307, 313–314
- Wang Ching-wei (see also Japan: Establishment of new regime, supra), 72, 83, 90–91, 100, 109, 124, 127, 133, 135–136, 145, 158–159, 167, 192–193, 197, 208, 323–325, 767
- Wu Pei-fu, 130, 131–132, 134, 157
- Yangtze River:
- Freedom of navigation, restrictions on, 126, 355, 358, 360–361, 363, 364, 383, 433, 434–435, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 455–457, 465, 598, 633, 635, 774–775, 780–783, 785, 793, 794–797, 798–799, 819
- Port cities, situation in, 777–778
- Restrictions on foreign nationals traveling to ports, 354–355, 356, 357, 373
- Withdrawal of British Navy, possibility of, 247, 329
- Yangtze River Valley, Japanese control of, 90, 100–101
- Yunnan Railway, shipment of supplies via, 115
- Arms and munitions:
- Union of South Africa, 513
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also under
Undeclared war):
- Germany, relations with, 18, 74
- Italy, relations with, 9–10
- Japan, relations with:
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement. See under China: Customs problems.
- Arms and munitions, supply to Japan, 736–737
- Credit extended to Japan, 501–503
- Economic retaliation against Japan, possibility of, 173, 175, 177, 179
- General, 6–7, 14, 20, 23, 25, 42–43, 44, 55, 56, 59, 60, 64–65, 68–69, 72, 85, 86, 92, 97, 101, 143–144, 162–163, 167–169, 172, 187–189, 207–208, 213–214, 220, 232, 241, 246–247, 318–319, 349, 565–566, 572–573, 651, 693, 694, 845
- Restrictions by Japan on currency and foreign exchange, steps regarding: Central China, 401, 405, 406, 412, 420; North China, 373, 379, 388, 406–407, 452, 677, 682–683, 708–709
- Sanctions against Japan, views regarding, 478–479, 490–493, 497–499
- Spratly Islands, British claims regarding, 112, 117
- Trade with, 529, 638, 646
- Tripartite military alliance of Axis powers, British attitude toward, 5, 6–9, 13, 15, 20–21, 27, 34, 36, 38, 39–40, 61; Anglo-Japanese conversations, 48
- War with, possibility of, 18, 31, 37–38, 122, 215–217, 230–232, 484, 491, 497, 507
- League of Nations, activity in, 331, 333, 334–335, 340
- Soviet Union, relations with, 18–19, 26, 27, 30, 32, 38, 39, 41, 42–43, 44, 45–46, 48, 51–52, 65, 74, 77, 220
- Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation between United States and Japan (1911), attitude toward, 435, 571–573
- World Empire, end of, 513
- United States Steel Corp., 482
- Universal Leaf Tobacco Co., 385–386, 391, 393, 445, 461–462, 463, 469–470, 472
- U. S. Congress: Aid to China (“lending and spending” bill), 700; civilians in foreign countries, relief of, 554–555; sanctions against Japan, discussion of, 533, 536, 550
- U. S. Marines, 227, 228
- U. S. S. Astoria, visit to Japan, 22, 23, 31
- Wang Ching-wei. See under Undeclared war.
- War in Europe: Attitude of President Roosevelt toward possibility of, 165; Chinese attitude, 235–236; Japanese attitude, 228, 252, 298, 621, 792
- Yokohama Specie Bank, 366, 399, 402, 410, 414, 427, 843, 845, 858
- Yugoslavia, 334