Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United
States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Volume V
Index1
- Adriatic claims. See under
Italy.
- Africa:
- German peace treaty provisions concerning arms traffic, Morocco,
Egypt and Suez Canal, preparation, 41
- Mandates for former German colonies, and other
territorial adjustments:
- Cameroons, 492–494, 500, 506–507, 508, 812
- Claims and interests of—
- Belgium, 419–420, 459–460
- British Empire, 127,
472–473, 492–494, 500, 506–507, 508, 508–509, 812
- France, 492–494, 500, 506–507, 508, 508–509, 616, 758, 812
- Italy, territorial questions arising under Treaty
of London: Commission on Colonies, appointment, 508; general discussions,
507–508, 509, 582–583, 584, 587, 616, 812
- Portugal, 419–420, 459–460
- Discussions, general, 65, 127, 419–420, 459–460, 472–473, 492–494, 500, 506–509, 582–583, 584, 587, 616, 758, 812
- French Equatorial Africa, 508
- German East Africa, 419–420, 500, 508
- German Southwest Africa, 127,
472–473, 500, 508
- Somaliland, 507, 508, 509, 582–583, 584, 587, 616
- Togoland, 492–493, 500, 507, 508, 509, 812
- Treaty of London, provisions concerning Italian claims,
507, 509
- Aga Khan, 581, 691–692, 692, 700–701
- Albania: Commission on Greek and Albanian Affairs, 64, 65, 484; frontiers, 64, 65; Italian assumption of protectorate, 483
- Alsace-Lorraine, German peace treaty provisions:
- Financial provisions exempting France from payment or credit for
property owned by German Government, discussions and draft texts,
305–307,
378
- Political clauses: Committee for examination of, 112; discussions, 305–307, 373–376, 419; texts, draft, 376–386, 423–424
- Ports of Strasbourg and Kehl, 419,
423–424
- Reparation: Exemption of Alsace-Lorraine from obligation to pay,
380, 567; nonprovision for reparation claim by France, 346–347
- Antarctic claims of Germany, renunciation, 41
- Arabia. See
Turkish territories: Syria and
adjoining regions.
- Armaments (see also
Treaty: Terms: Military
under
Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary), traffic
in, 41
- Armenia. See
Turkish territories: Asia
Minor.
- Armies, Allied:
- Assignment of Allied officers to accompany General Haller’s troops
across German territory en route to Poland, 40
- Occupation of—
- Berlin, proposed, in event of German refusal to sign peace
treaty, 527–528, 702–704
- Budapest, proposed, 706–707
- Corfu, arrangements for withdrawal at Greek request, 541
- Rhineland: Guarantee clauses of German peace treaty, 63, 113–114, 117–118, 244, 247–248, 357, 395, 415, 471, 515–516, 519–520, 541–542, 576; preparation of draft
convention, 395, 515; priority of army costs
against reparation payments, 20,
28, 35–37, 50, 56,
166, 471
- Russian territories:
- British troops at Archangel, 114–115, 247, 370
- U. S. troops at Archangel, 370; in Siberia, and relations with
Japanese and Russian forces, 528–529, 608, 735
- Schleswig, proposed, 559
- Turkish territories. See
Turkish territories.
- Vienna, proposed, to avert bolshevism, 59
- Armistice:
- Arms traffic, 41
- Asia Minor. See under
Turkish territories.
- Australia, mandate for New Guinea and adjacent islands, 473, 492, 500, 506, 508
- Austria:
- Armistice of Nov. 3, 1918, Austrian peace
treaty provisions for continuance in force of certain portions of,
652–653,
897, 913
- Blockade, 535
- Bolshevism, 59, 500, 533
- Food shipments from the Banat, Serbian refusal to permit, 524–525, 526, 601
- Frontiers. See
Italy: Adriatic
claims.
- German peace treaty provisions concerning recognition of Austrian
independence and Austrian peace treaty, 41, 114, 118, 421,
425, 476–477
- Submarines, 517–518
- Treaty of peace with the Allied and Associated
Powers:
- Arrangements for communicating terms of
peace to Austria:
- Austrian delegation: Composition of, 499, 543; date of arrival, 499
- Invitation of Allies to come to St. Germain, and
Austrian acceptance:
- Austrian reply, 494, 498–499
- Discussions, general, 291–292, 368–369, 392–393, 406, 427, 451, 494, 498–499
- Italian attitude, 427
- Text, draft, of Allied note, 406; question of
publication of, 451
- Language, official, use of Italian in addition to English
and French, 605–606
- Preparation of text by Drafting Committee, 515
- Signature, Allied consideration of military and naval
measures necessary in event of Austrian refusal or inability
to sign treaty, 65, 66, 532–533, 533–534, 535
- Terms, discussions and draft texts:
- Aerial navigation, 649–650, 894–895
- Economic clauses, 65
- Financial clauses, 65,
292, 514, 563, 831
- Frontiers (see also
Political clauses:
General,
infra;
Italy: Adriatic claims), 64, 499–500, 511–514, 560, 571
- Labor clauses, 617,
625
- League of Nations Covenant, 617–618, 625
- Military, naval, and air clauses:
- Air clauses, 638, 648–650, 882, 892–895, 913
- Discussions, general, and draft texts, 627–638, 639–653, 675, 863–864, 877–882, 885–898, 900, 904–905, 913
- General clauses, 638, 652–653, 882, 897–898, 913
- Interallied commissions of control, 638, 650–652, 882, 895–897, 913
- Military clauses: Armament, munitions,
material, fortifications, 642–644, 891; effectives and cadres,
627–635, 639–640, 645–646, 675, 863–864, 877–881, 885–890, 904–905; general provisions, 627–635, 639, 675, 863–864;
recruiting and military training, 641; schools, educational
establishments, military clubs and societies, 641–642; texts, draft, and discussions, 627–635, 639–646, 863–864, 877–881, 885–891, 904–905
- Naval clauses, 635–638, 646–648, 881–882, 891–892, 900
- Texts, draft, 639–653, 891–898
- Miscellaneous clauses, Austrian recognition of
Allied treaties with other enemy powers, 593–594
- Penalties for breaches of laws of war, 517–518, 530, 605; non-arraignment of
Austrian Emperor, 517,
530
- Political clauses for Europe:
General clauses, Austrian recognition of frontiers
of new states and of all contiguous states, 512–514, 531, 536, 541, 543, 620; Jugoslavia, obligation
to conclude treaties for protection of minorities,
816–817
- Ports, waterways, and railways clauses:
Discussions, general, 267, 518, 588, 589–598;
Italian views on provisions regarding revision of
railway tariff regime to Adriatic ports, 258, 266, 589–591, 594
- Prisoners of war and graves, 725, 873–877, 882–885, 913; text, draft, 882–885
- Reparation clauses:
- Committee on Reparation Clauses in the
Treaties with Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria,
appointment, 864
- Discussions concerning—
- Adriatic shipping, question of distribution
and Italian claims, 566–569, 710, 834–835
- Belligerency as a requisite for claiming
reparation, 833–834, 837n
- Libraries, museums, etc., 835
- New states: Hearing of, 836; question of assumption
of share of Austro-Hungarian war costs, 163–164, 292, 355, 514, 531, 560–562, 566, 830–832
- Reparation Commission, 832, 837–838; Serbian claim for
representation on Commission during consideration
of Austro-Hungarian questions, 353, 360
- Serbian claims, 353, 360, 587
- Preparation of draft clauses by financial
experts, 514, 541, 625
- Text, draft, 836–857
- Responsibility for the war and penalties, 517–518, 530, 605; nonarraignment of
Austrian Emperor, 517,
530
- Austria-Hungary. See
Austria; Hungary.
- Aviation questions:
- Aeronautical Commission, 63
- Air clauses of peace treaties:
- Austrian treaty: Aerial navigation, 649–650, 894–895; military and naval air clauses, 638, 648–650, 882, 892–895, 913
- German treaty, alteration in military air clauses, 352–353
- Hungarian treaty: Aerial navigation, 663–664, 894–895; military and naval air clauses, 638, 662–664, 882, 892–895
- Air services, question of inclusion in references to military and
naval services in League Covenant, 816
- Azerbaijan delegation, desire for hearing at peace
conference, 407
- Balfour, Arthur James: Memoranda, Apr. 27
and 28, and discussions with Japanese regarding Shantung, 247, 316, 324–326, 331; memorandum, May 16,
regarding Italy and Turkey in Anatolia, 669–672
- Balkans, Italian activity, 465–466
- Baltic countries: Commission on Baltic Affairs, appointment,
315–316; food
relief, need for, 737; German troops, German
peace treaty clauses, 451–452, 461–462; relations with Russia, 546, 547–548, 737
- Banat, question of food shipments to Austria and Hungary, and Serbian
refusal to permit, 524–525, 526, 601
- Bavaria: Allied study of possible inability of German Government to sign
peace treaty on behalf of Bavaria, 60, 65, 66, 533; South German confederacy, plan, 704, 899, 906–909
- Bela Kun. See under
Hungary.
- Belgium:
- African claims, 419–420, 459–460
- Boundaries: Belgium–Netherlands, question of, 511; study by Commission on Belgian and
Danish Affairs, 64, 86
- Commission on Belgian and Danish Affairs, 64, 86
- Cooperation in discussions regarding size of army of occupation in
Rhineland, 515
- Economic union with Luxemburg, question of, 862–863
- German peace treaty, Belgian interest:
- Boundary clauses, 64, 86
- Financial clauses exempting Belgium from
payment or credit for German Government property situated in
territory ceded to Belgium, 448–449, 449–450
- Political clauses: Cession to Belgium of Prussian
Moresnet, Eupen, and Malmedy (see
also
Financial clauses, supra), German protest and Allied
draft reply, 818, 820, 824, 828, 916; recognition by Germany of
new regime replacing Treaty of 1839
concerning Belgium, 41
- Ports, waterways, etc., provisions regarding Rhine,
Belgian interest, 256, 257
- Reparation provisions:
- Belgian claims:
- Arrangements for hearing Belgian
representatives, 229,
314–315; statement before
Council of Four and discussions, 344–351
- Declaration of Saint Adresse (Feb. 14, 1916), 345, 347
- Priority to first cash payments by Germany,
question of, 323, 344–345, 346, 349, 350, 415, 418–419, 445
- Redemption of marks left in occupied
territory, question of, 53–54, 323, 344, 345, 375–376, 390, 419
- War costs, question of full reimbursement,
and compromise on reimbursement by Germany of
Belgian war debts to the Allies, 31–33, 52–53, 58, 229, 314–315, 323, 344–351, 390;
subsequent Belgian demands and discussions
concerning, 414–415, 418–419, 445–449
- German declarations of willingness to effect full
restoration, 348, 820
- Physical restoration of Belgium, including
livestock deliveries, 184–186, 423
- Reparation Commission, Belgian representation,
322, 353, 360, 365
- Request to Council of Four for texts of clauses affecting
Belgium, 406
- Signature by Belgium, question of, in connection with
Allied refusal to accede to Belgian demands regarding
reimbursement of war costs, 349–351
- League of Nations Council, Belgian membership, 324
- Participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty:
Arrangements, 313, 322, 351, 481; question of possible absence, 349, 351
- Treaty of 1839, 32, 41
- Blockade (see also under
Germany), 62, 522, 535, 536, 813, 817
- Bolivia, participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty,
415, 416–417
- Bolshevism (see also
Hungary: Bela Kun; Russia): Austria and Germany, 39, 59, 151, 500, 533, 899; Jugoslavia, 149, 151;
Polish-Ukrainian hostilities, Bolshevik influence, 676, 712, 714, 755, 776, 778, 779, 780, 781, 786, 793, 795–796
- Brazil: Claim to German merchant shipping as reparation, 162, 229, 230, 314, 315, 323–324; debt held by Germany, 523; participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace
treaty, 313, 481;
selection as member of League of Nations Council, 324
- Brest-Litovsk treaty, abrogation, 421, 424, 451, 461, 476
- Brockdorff-Rantzau. See under
Germany.
- Bulgaria:
- Blockade, 536
- Military situation, Italian activity, 465–466, 468
- Treaty of peace with the Allied and Associated
Powers:
- Participation of the United States, question of, 904
- Signature, Allied consideration of military and naval
measures necessary in event of Bulgarian refusal or
inability to sign treaty, 65,
66, 532–533, 533–534, 536
- Terms, discussions concerning:
- Financial and economic clauses, study by
commissions, 65
- Frontiers, question of, 64, 587, 885
- Military clauses, discussions relating to strength
of armies to be allowed Bulgaria and other small
states, 877–881, 885–891
- Penalties, 530
- Political clauses for Europe, Jugoslav obligation
to conclude treaties with the Allies regarding
protection of minorities, 816–817
- Ports, waterways, and railways, 267, 904
- Prisoners of war and graves, 725
- Reparation clauses: Committee on
Reparation Clauses in the Treaties with Austria,
Hungary, and Bulgaria, 864; preparation of, 836, 864
- Responsibility for the war, 530
- Cables, German-owned, transfer to—
- Cameroons, 492–494, 500, 506–507, 508, 812
- Canada, question of representation on International Labor Council, 308–309, 477–478; on League of
Nations Council, 477–478, 489–490
- Caucasus (see also
Turkish territories: Asia
Minor), desire of Azerbaijan delegation for hearing before peace
conference, 407
- Chaikovski, V. N. (president of Archangel government), hearing before
Council of Four, 370, 497–498, 529, 530, 544–551, 560
- China:
- Extraterritoriality and foreign spheres of influence, question of
abrogation of, 110, 130, 131–132, 140,
145, 246, 318, 328–329
- German rights and interests (see also
Shantung and Kiaochow, infra), renunciation by Germany of interests outside
Shantung and Kiaochow: Discussions, general, 309, 356, 361–362, 472; Japanese protest against
noninclusion in meetings concerning, 472; text, draft, of German peace treaty clauses, 361–362
- Open door, 111, 129, 130, 325, 326
- Participation in plenary sessions concerning German treaty, 481
- Shantung and Kiaochow, conflict between Chinese
claims for direct restitution of German rights and Japanese claims
for transfer of German rights in accordance with Japanese secret
treaties, and ultimate decision of Council of Four in favor of
Japan:
- Chinese claims and attitude: Expressions of, general, 140, 141–142, 142–143, 145, 146, 147, 249–250, 460, 607; hearing
before Council of Four, Apr. 22, 138–148; statement and proposal, Apr. 23, 249–250
- Committee, special, to consider Chinese position, 222, 227–228
- Decision in favor of Japan, 365; communication to Chinese delegation, and
Chinese attitude, 389, 460, 607
- Discussions, general, and draft texts of German peace
treaty clauses, 65, 109–111, 123–132, 133–134, 138–148, 222, 227–228, 245–247, 248, 249–250, 316–318, 324–326, 327–335, 363–365, 367, 389, 460, 607, 620–621
- Japanese claims and attitude: Balfour’s discussions with
Japanese delegation, and memoranda concerning, 247, 316, 324–326, 331; expressions of, general, 109–110, 123–126, 127, 128, 129, 130–131, 131–132, 133, 248, 317, 324–325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 331–332, 333, 334, 335, 363–364, 365; hearings
before Council (Apr. 22, 29, 30
), 123–126, 327–335, 363–365; policy regarding restoration
of Shantung to China, 109–110, 124, 128–129, 130, 131, 245, 246, 318, 324–325, 326, 327–335, 363–365; refusal to sign German peace
treaty in event of nonsatisfaction of Japanese demands,
intimation of, 127; request, Apr. 25, that Council expedite
decision, 248
- Secret treaties and agreements, cited:
- Japan-China (see also
Treaty, infra): May 25, 1915,
110, 123–124, 125, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143–144, 364; Sept. 24, 1918 (railway agreement), 110–111, 124–125, 139–140, 143, 330, 331, 333, 334, 363–364; “Twenty-one Demands,”
140–141, 144, 145, 330, 332, 364
- Japan-Entente (1917),
regarding Japanese and British claims in Shantung
and Pacific Islands, 126–127, 129, 138–139, 143, 249–250; text
of British note to Japan, Feb.
16, 1917, 134
- Texts, draft, of German peace treaty clauses, 133, 367
- Views of—
- Clemenceau, 147, 245
- Lloyd George and Balfour,
110, 111, 126–127, 127, 128, 129, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 245, 245–246, 247, 317, 317–318, 328, 329, 331, 332–333, 333, 334–335
- Wilson, 109–110, 110, 111, 128, 128–129, 129–130, 131, 132, 138–139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145–146, 146–147, 147–148, 245, 246, 247, 316–317, 318, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333–334, 334, 335, 363, 364, 365
- Silver standard of currency, Chinese proposal for inclusion in
German financial clauses of special provisions concerning, 460–461
- Treaty with Japan, May 25, 1915 (see also
Shantung and Kiaochow, supra), Chinese request to peace conference for abrogation
of treaty, and reply suggesting reference of question to League
Council, 607, 620–621
- Clemenceau, Georges (Premier). See
Views of Clemenceau
under
China: Shantung and
Kiaochow; Italy: Adriatic claims: Fiume-Dalmatia; Reparation: German; Russia: Allied policy;
Turkish territories: Asia
Minor; Turkish territories: Syria.
- Coal and coal derivatives as German reparation, 38, 48–49,
186–187, 291, 295–297
- Colonies, former German. See
Africa: Mandates; Pacific Islands.
- Commercial relations, German peace treaty provisions, 152, 230–234, 255
- Commissions, committees, etc. (see
also
Councils):
- Aeronautical Commission, 63
- Albanian Affairs, Commission on Greek and, 64, 65, 484
- Armistice Between Poland and the Ukraine, Commission for
Negotiation of. See under
Poland: Ukrainian-Polish hostilities.
- Baltic Affairs, Commission on, 315–316
- Belgian and Danish Affairs, Commission on, 64, 86
- Chinese questions outside of Shantung and Kiaochow, special
committee on, 309, 356
- Colonies, Commission on (Colonial Compensation Demanded by Italy
from France and Great Britain), 508
- Conditions of Peace, Committees for Study of Observations of
German Delegation on, 370, 372, 542
- Control, interallied commissions of, provisions of
peace treaties: Austrian, 638, 650–652, 882, 895–897, 913;
German, 353; Hungarian, 638, 664–666, 882,
895–897
- Credentials, Committee on, 292, 297, 311–312, 321,
352, 357, 390–391, 403–404
- Czechoslovak Affairs, Commission on, 64
- Danish Affairs, Commission on Belgian and, 64, 86
- Danube control commission, 524
- Drafting Committee:
- Instructions from Council of Four, procedure for, 617, 682
- Work on—
- Austrian and Hungarian treaties, 515, 617
- German treaty, 310,
389, 390, 395, 401, 408, 420, 451, 463, 465, 476–477, 477–480, 491, 520, 541, 730–731, 837n
, 913–914
- Polish treaty, 733
- Economic Commission, 60, 63, 65, 206, 230–234
- Financial Commission, 63, 65, 302, 460–461, 514, 563
- German-Allied technical commissions to examine peace treaty
clauses, German proposal and Allied refusal to consider, 510–511
- Greek and Albanian Affairs, Commission on, 64, 65, 484
- Hungary, Allied mission to. See
Hungary: Smuts
mission.
- Jugoslav Affairs, Commission on Roumanian and, 61, 64
- King-Crane Commission, 766, 812
- Labor Legislation, International, Commission on, 21, 153
- League of Nations, Committee on the Organization of, 324
- Luxemburg questions, special committee on, 309, 342
- Minorities, Commission on. See
New states: Committee.
- New States, Committee on. See under
New states.
- Poland, commissions concerning. See under
Poland.
- Ports, Waterways, and Railways, Commission on the International
Regime of. See
Ports: Commission.
- Prisoners of War, Commission on, 337,
339, 725, 874–875, 876
- Reparation, commissions concerning. See
Reparation: Commissions.
- Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of
Penalties, Commission on, 31, 32, 63, 513, 530,
612, 728, 729, 730, 743
- Roumanian and Jugoslav Affairs, Commission on, 61, 64
- Saar Valley, special commission on, 60–61, 66–70, 206, 208–209, 335,
336, 813–815, 826, 912
- Shantung and Kiaochow, special committee to consider Chinese
position, 222, 227–228
- Smuts mission. See under
Hungary.
- Stevens railway commission in Russia, 528–529, 903
- Syrian Commission (interallied commission to
investigate question of Turkish mandates), 12–14, 65, 112, 247, 466,
468, 719, 758, 760, 763, 766, 770,
808, 810, 811–812; American section (King-Crane Commission), 766, 812
- Turkish mandates, commission on. See
Syrian Commission, supra.
- Conditions of Peace, Committees for Study of Observations of German
Delegation on, 370, 372, 542
- Conferences, proposed: Danube regime, 259,
263–264; labor,
573, 611, 682, 685, 870
- Control, interallied commissions of. See
Commissions: Control.
- Conventions. See
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Corfu, arrangements for withdrawal of Allied forces upon Greek request,
541
- Councils, Supreme:
- Five, Council of. See
Foreign Ministers.
- Four, Council of. See
Four.
- Superior Blockade Council, report, 603–604
- Supreme Economic Council: Blockade and related questions, 396, 516,
521–525,
599–604,
676, 813, 817; coal question, 48
- Ten, Council of, assembling of Councils of Four and Five into
Council of Ten for study of question of German cables, 392, 422
- Covenant of the League. See
League: German peace treaty
clauses.
- Credentials. See under
Germany: Treaty of peace:
Negotiations.
- Cyprus, 584, 812
- Czechoslovakia (see also
New states):
- Commission on Czechoslovak Affairs, 64
- German peace treaty:
- Assistance of Czech troops in military action against
Germany in event of German refusal to sign treaty, proposed,
538, 703
- Participation of Czechoslovakia in plenary sessions
concerning, 293, 298, 313, 322, 390, 481; question of credentials, 390
- Political clauses concerning Czechoslovakia, 64, 439–444
- Ports, waterways, and railways clauses concerning
Czechoslovakia: Railway communications, 257–258; special rights in ports of Hamburg and
Stettin, 264, 284
- Reparation questions, 163–164, 374
- Teschen question, 64, 677–678
- Treaty with Allied and Associated Powers, preparation, 681
- Dalmatia. See
Italy: Adriatic
claims.
- Damage. See
Reparation.
- Danube:
- Commission on Control of, 524
- Conference to draw up international statute concerning, proposed,
259, 263–364
- Ports, waterways, and railways clauses of German peace treaty,
258–259,
263–264,
266, 272–275, 277–279;
draft texts, 272–275, 277–279
- Status of Allied control, 535, 536
- Danzig, German peace treaty provisions concerning, 63, 86, 114, 118–122, 293–294, 913–914; draft texts, 118–122, 913–914
- De Bon, Admiral, 638–639
- Denmark. See
Schleswig.
- Disarmament. See
Treaty of peace: Terms:
Military, naval, and air clauses
under
Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary.
- Dodecanese Islands, Greek and Italian claims, 465, 482, 583, 586, 622, 720, 759, 765
- Drafting Committee. See under
Commissions.
- Dyestuffs and chemical drugs as German reparation, 192, 291, 294–295
- Economic questions (see also
Blockade; Councils: Supreme Economic Council):
- Economic clauses of peace treaties (see
also
German peace treaty, infra), preparation by Economic Commission, 65
- Economic Commission, 60, 63, 65, 206, 230–234
- German peace treaty:
- Economic clauses:
- Discussions concerning—
- Commercial relations: Duration of
provisions, 230–234; nondiscriminatory
treatment by Germany, 152; transfer of shipping provisions to
ports, etc., provisions, 255
- Private property abroad:
- Attitude of Council of Four, 234
- German protest, May
22, and Allied consideration of a reply:
Discussions, 767, 861; text of German note,
865–869
- Restriction of opium traffic, 41
- Economic Commission, preparation of report and
consideration thereof, 60, 63, 206, 230–234
- German protest against clauses concerning private
property abroad, 767,
861, 865–869
- Verbal discussions between Allies and Germans,
question of, 800–802, 820, 821, 869
- Protest by Germany against economic effect of treaty as a
whole, May 13, and Allied reply, May 22:
- Ecuador, participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty,
415, 416–417
- Egypt and the Suez Canal, 41
- Esthonia. See
Baltic countries.
- Eupen, 818, 820,
824, 828
- Financial questions (see also
Reparation):
- Credit schemes for restarting European industry, 151–152, 396, 521–524
- Financial clauses of the peace treaties (see
also
German peace treaty, infra): Preparation of provisions for treaties with
Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey, 65, [Page 928]
292, 514,
563, 831; special questions concerning assumption by new states of
share of enemy debts, 292, 531, 560–562, 566,
830–832,
836
- Financial Commission, 63, 65, 302, 460–461, 514, 563
- German peace treaty, financial clauses, discussions
concerning:
- Allied nationals holding German public loans, nonpriority
of, 307
- Crediting to Germany of material surrendered under
Armistice, 167–168, 303–304
- Discussions, general, 63, 167–168, 302–307, 353, 359, 360, 366–367, 375–376, 378, 448–449, 449–450, 460–461, 800–802, 820, 821, 869
- Japanese desire for special treatment on account of
expenses incurred for maintenance of German prisoners of
war, 353, 359, 360, 366–367
- Mark payments by Germany in occupied territory, settlement
at current or agreed rate of exchange, 302–303
- Priority of payments for food and raw material supplied to
Germany, determination by Allies, 303
- Property: Alienation of property in violation of
Armistice, noninclusion of provisions concerning, 307; payment for German debt and
property in ceded territories, and special exceptions for
Belgium and France, 304–307, 378, 448–449, 449–450
- Silver standard of currency, Chinese proposal concerning,
460–461
- Verbal discussions between Allies and Germany on financial
and economic terms, question of, 800–802, 820, 821, 869
- Keynes scheme for using first German reparation payment to restart
European industry, and U. S. disapproval, 151–152, 396
- New states, question of assumption of share of enemy debts, 292, 531,
560–562,
566, 830–832, 836
- Finland: Food relief, 358; recognition by
Allies, plea of Herbert Hoover and reference thereof to Council of Foreign
Ministers, 316, 352,
357–359;
relations with Russia, and Finnish territorial claims, 546, 547, 550–551
- Fiume. See
Italy: Adriatic
claims.
- Five, Council of. See
Foreign Ministers.
- Foch, Marshal:
- Negotiations with Germans regarding Haller’s army, 15–16, 39–40
- Recommendations and preparation of military action in event of
German refusal to sign peace treaty: Council’s request, Apr. 8, and Foch’s reply, Apr. 9, 65, 532–533;
discussions, 526–528, 537–540, 702–704
- Food relief:
- Austria and Hungary, Serbian refusal to permit food exports from
the Banat, 524–525, 526, 601
- Baltic countries, 737
- Finland, 358
- Germany, 60, 104; question of payment, 20,
28, 35–37, 50, 56, 166, 303, 396–397, 522–524
- Russia, Bolshevik reply to Nansen relief proposal and
consideration thereof by Council of Four, 706, 734–735, 743–748; text of Lenin’s letter of May 7, 744–747
- Foreign Legion of France, nonapplicability of German peace treaty
prohibition against enrollment of Germans in foreign armies, 310, 320
- Foreign Ministers, Council of (“The Five”), work of, and
relations with the Council of Four, 39, 40–41, 64, 65, 310, 312, 320, 337, 339–342, 352, 392, 426, 481, 513–514, 560, 571, 587
- Four, Council of:
- Italy, temporary withdrawal. See
Italy: Absence.
- Japanese protest against noninclusion in certain discussions
concerning China and Siam, 472
- Minutes of meetings: Chinese request for minutes concerning
Shantung question, 460; explanatory note
concerning, vi
- Nomenclature (“Council of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers”), 677
- Procedure for initialing instructions to Drafting Committee, 617, 682
- Secretaries, 21
- Subjects for consideration and references to and from the Council
of Foreign Ministers, 39, 40–41, 63–65, 310, 312,
320, 337, 339–342, 352, 392, 426,
481, 513–514, 560, 571,
587
- Fourteen Points, cited, 52–53, 58, 96–97, 98,
345, 691, 693, 708
- France (see also
Africa; Armies; China: Shantung; Clemenceau; Foch; Italy: Adriatic claims;
Mandates; Reparations; Russia: Allied policy; Treaties:
Secret; Turkish
territories):
- De Bon, Admiral, transfer from French delegation to Mediterranean
post, 638–639
- Economic union with Luxemburg, question of, 862–863
- Foreign Legion, nonapplicability of German peace
treaty prohibition against enlistment of Germans in foreign armies,
310, 320
- Frontier with Germany, 92
- Guarantee against German aggression, Franco-American
and Franco-British treaties:
- Discussions, general, 114,
118, 474–476, 485–486, 494–495
- Pledges to Clemenceau by Lloyd George and Wilson, May 8: Communiqué concerning, 474–476, 485–486; text, 494–495
- Text, draft, 118
- Savoy and Gex, German peace treaty provisions regarding
recognition of Franco-Swiss arrangements, 481, 487–489
- Troops (see also
Foreign Legion, supra): Landing at Heraclea, Asia Minor, 717, 726;
native troops in mandated territory, desire of France for inclusion
in League Covenant of permission to use for defense of French
territory, 463; occupation of Budapest,
proposed, 706; withdrawal from Italy
following anti-French incidents, question of, 900–901
- Gas, poison, proposed inclusion in German peace treaty of provision for
disclosure of manufacturing processes, 310–311
- Germany:
- Armistice of Nov. 11, 1918:
- Peace treaty provisions concerning:
- Financial clauses: Crediting to Germany of
material surrendered under Armistice, 167–168, 303–304; noninclusion of
provision regarding property alienated in violation
of Armistice, 307
- Military, naval, and air terms, continuance in
force of certain Armistice provisions, 352, 371, 405, 418
- Reparation terms, continuance of restitutions
provided under Armistice, 479
- Sale by Germany of floating dock at Hamburg to Dutch firm,
non-prevention under Armistice terms, 371
- Violations by Germany Alienation of property, 307; delay in surrendering
merchant ships in Spanish ports, 517; refusal to permit Haller’s army to return to
Poland via Danzig, 14, 15–16,
17–18
- Bavaria. See under
Political situation: Relations between certain German states and central
government, infra.
- Blockade, Allied:
- German attitude, 739
- Removal, proposed, in order to permit restarting of German
industry, 151–152, 396–397, 522, 599–600, 601–603; question of reimposition in event of German
refusal to sign peace treaty, 535, 599–601, 603–604
- Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count (see
also
Treaty: German
observations, infra), 151, 152,
204–205,
403–404,
510–511,
512–513,
527–528,
579, 682, 707
- Food relief and raw material supplied by Allies, 60, 104;
question of payment, 20, 28, 35–37, 50, 56, 166, 303, 396–397, 522–524
- League of Nations, question of German admission, 319, 563–564, 691,
700
- Political situation:
- Food and raw material supplies, effect of, 60, 104
- Relations between certain German states and
central government:
- Bavaria: Allied consideration of possible
inability of central government to sign peace treaty
on behalf of Bavaria, 60,
65, 66, 533; plan for South German confederacy,
704, 899, 906–909
- Rhenish provinces and Westphalia, proposed
establishment as separate republic, 335
- Spartacism, 39, 103
- Status of Ebert-Scheidemann government, report concerning,
102–105
- Reparation. See
Reparation: German.
- Scapa Flow, German fleet at, 238, 535
- Submarines, 240–241, 530–531, 534,
543, 834
- Trade. See
Blockade, supra.
- Treaty of peace with the Allied and Associated
Powers:
- Demonstrations in Berlin against terms of peace, 705
- German observations on the conditions of
peace, and Allied replies:
- Arrangements and procedures: Allied plan for
submission of German observations in writing within
specified time limits, 293, 297–298, 312, 313–314, 321, 510–511; demand by Germans, May 20, for extension of time
limit, and Allied [Page 930] acquiescence, May
21, 707, 754, 767, 772–774; desire of Germans for
verbal discussions on financial and economic terms,
and Allied refusal, 800–802, 820, 821, 869;
establishment of Committees for Study of
Observations of German Delegation on Conditions of
Peace, 370, 372, 542; replies of Allies, provisions
regarding, 298, 313, 322
- Committees for Study of Observations of German
Delegation on Conditions of Peace, establishment,
370, 372, 542
-
May 9, general preliminary
objections by Germany and Allied reply, May 10: Discussions, 542, 559; texts, 564
-
May 9, German transmittal
of scheme for League of Nations, and Allied replies,
May 10 and 22:
- Discussions, 559, 756
- Texts:
- German note, 563
- Reply of Allies: Preliminary reply, May 10, 563–564; note,
May 22, 767–769
-
May 10, German note
concerning prisoners of war and civil prisoners, and
Allied reply, May 20:
- Discussions, 566, 587, 606, 624, 674, 682–683, 724–725, 737, 802, 816
- Texts:
-
May 10, German transmittal
of scheme for international labor organization, and
Allied reply, May 14:
-
May 13, German protest
against economic effect of treaty as a whole, and
Allied reply, May 22:
-
May 13, German protest
against provisions concerning Saar Basin and
territory in the West (see also
May 16, infra):
-
May 13, German protest
against reparation provisions and clause concerning
German responsibility for the war, and Allied reply,
May 20:
-
May 16,
further German protest against provisions concerning
Saar Basin and territory in the West, and Allied
reply, May 24:
-
May 20, German demand for
extension of time limit for reply to peace
conditions, and Allied acquiescence, May 21:
-
May 22, further German note
concerning international labor legislation, and Allied
consideration of a reply: Discussions, 767, 861; text of
German note, 869–872
-
May 22, German protest against
economic clauses concerning private property abroad, and
Allied consideration of a reply: Discussions, 767, 861; text of German note, 865–869
- Language, official, 244–245
- Negotiations between German delegation and Allied
powers at Versailles (see also
German observations, [Page 931]
supra, and
Signature, infra):
- Allied representation (see also
Credentials, infra): Arrangements for assembling at Versailles,
material preparations for meeting, and furnishing of copies
of treaty to delegations, 471,
474, 496; powers to participate, determination, 293, 298, 312–313, 322, 415, 416–417, 481, 491
- Credentials:
- Exchange and examination of Allied and German
credentials, 292–293, 297, 311–312, 321, 338, 352, 357, 390, 403–404
- Furnishing to Germans by both central and state
governments, question of, 336, 368
- Questions concerning Belgian credentials, 351; Italian credentials,
390–392, 485; Jugoslav credentials, 292–293, 297, 312, 321, 338
- Date for meeting, and invitation, 59–60, 300, 312, 414, 452, 464, 484–485
- German delegation (see also
Brockdorff-Rantzau
and
Credentials, supra): Allied insistence on fully-empowered
plenipotentiaries, 101–102; freedom of movement at
Versailles and of communication with German Government at
Weimar, 112–113, 116, 204, 472, 473; journalists, German, accompanying
delegation, 152, 203–204, 472, 473, 531; language, German, use of, 404; names of delegates and
reports concerning attitude of, 116, 151, 204–205, 403–404, 405, 464, 510–511, 527–528, 540, 579, 682, 707, 801; printers,
German, assistance of, 772, 773, 774
- Plenary session, May
7: Press representation and
prohibition against taking of photographs, 356, 496; proceedings, cited, 510–511, 512–513, 527–528
- Procedure for conducting negotiations, plan of Secretary
General: Discussions, 63, 292–293, 311–314; draft texts of plan, 297–298, 321–322
- Notes exchanged between German delegation and Allied Powers
concerning peace treaty. See
German observations, supra.
- Publicity of text or summary of treaty as handed to Germans,
question of, 153–154, 204–205, 357,
404, 469–470, 485, 491–492, 577,
673–674
- Signature, questions concerning:
- Attitude of Germans toward signature, reported, 540, 579, 899
- Demand by Germany for delay in time limit for signing
treaty, May 20, and Allied
acquiescence, May 21:
- Failure or refusal of Germany to sign, action in event of:
- Blockade measures, proposed, 535, 600, 601, 603–604
- Military and naval measures, proposed, 60, 65–66, 520, 526–528, 532–535, 537–540, 600, 674, 702–704; Marshal Foch’s trip to the front as a
demonstration, 539, 540, 702
- Report of German military preparations, 772–773
- Possible nonparticipation in negotiations and signature,
of—
- Belgium, on account of non-fulfillment of
reparation demands, 349–351
- Italy, on account of refusal of demand for Fiume.
See
Italy: Absence of plenipotentiaries.
- Japan, in event of refusal of Shantung demands,
127
- Terms, draft texts, discussions, etc.:
- Boundaries of Germany and political clauses
for Europe:
- Alsace-Lorraine: Committee to examine draft
clauses, 112;
discussions, 305–307, 373–376, 419; texts, draft, 376–386, 423–424
- Austria, German recognition of Austrian
independence and treaty with Allies, 41, 114, 118, 421, 425, 470–477
- Belgium: German protest against cession to Belgium
of Moresnet, Eupen, and Malmedy, and Allied reply,
818, 820, 824, 828, 916; recognition by Germany
of new regime replacing Treaty of 1839 concerning Belgium, 41
- Czechoslovakia, 64,
440, 442–444
- Danzig, Free City of, 63, 86, 114, 118–122, 293–294, 913–914; texts, draft, 118–122, 913–914
- Heligoland, 64, 241, 339
- Luxemburg, 63, 309, 339, 342–343; text, draft, 342–343
- Poland, 439–444; German attitude on
Silesian question, 204,
205, 818
- Prussia, East, 818
- Rhine, Left Bank of,
demilitarization, 113,
116–117, 318–319, 491; texts, draft, 116–117, 319, 491
- Russia and Russian states, 41, 421, 424, 451, 461, 476; texts, draft, 424, 461
- Saar Basin. See
Saar Basin.
- Schleswig: Discussions, 64, 559; German
protest against consideration of question by peace
conference, and Allied draft reply, 612, 818, 824, 828, 916
- Economic clauses. See under
Economic questions: German peace treaty.
- Financial clauses. See
Financial questions: German peace treaty.
- German rights and interests outside Germany:
- Guarantees:
- Eastern Europe, German military occupation of
Baltic provinces and Lithuania, 451–452, 461–462
- Western Europe, Allied military
occupation of German territory west of the Rhine and
arrangements for military convention concerning,
63, 113–114, 117–118, 244, 247–248, 357, 395, 415, 471, 515–516, 519–520, 541–542, 576;
texts, draft, of clauses, 117–118, 247–248, 395, 542, 576
- Labor, international. See
Labor: Convention.
- League of Nations. See
League: German peace treaty
clauses.
- Military, naval, and air clauses:
- Air clauses, noninclusion of provision
regarding location of landing places and dirigible
sheds, 352–353
- General clauses, continuance in force of
certain Armistice provisions, 352, 371, 405, 418
- Interallied commissions of control, cost to
be borne by Germany, 353
- Introductory clause concerning German
undertaking to observe, 299
- Military clauses: Armament, munitions, and
material, 241, 310–311; British amendment, 41; recruiting and military
training, 310, 320, 371
- Naval clauses, German surrender of war
vessels and ultimate disposal or destruction of
vessels and war material, 238–241, 335–336, 371, 530–531, 543
- Miscellaneous clauses: German recognition of
treaties between Allies and Austria, Bulgaria,
Hungary, and Turkey, 41;
prize courts, 41;
recognition of nonapplicability of 1815 treaties to Savoy and recognition of
Franco-Swiss arrangements concerning, 481, 487–489
- Penalties for breaches of laws of war, 389–390, 401–402, 470–471, 605; text, draft, 401–402
- Political clauses for Europe. See
Boundaries of Germany and
political clauses, supra.
- Ports, waterways, and railways. See
Ports, etc.: German peace treaty
clauses.
- Preamble, 299, 300–301, 420; text,
draft, 300–301
- Prisoners of war and graves. See
Prisoners: German peace treaty
clauses.
- Reparation. See
Reparation: German.
- Responsibility for the war and penalties. See
Responsibility: German peace treaty
clauses.
- War, termination of state of, 41
- Wilhelm II, former Emperor, peace treaty provisions for trial of,
389, 401–402
- Graves. See
Prisoners of war and graves.
- Great Britain (see also
Africa; Armies; Balfour; China: Shantung; France: Guarantee; Italy; Adriatic claims; Lloyd
George; Mandates; Pacific Islands; Reparation; Russia: Allied policy;
Treaties: Secret;
Turkish territories):
- Dominions (see also specific countries),
provisions for representation on International Labor Council, 308–309, 477–478; on
League of Nations Council, 477–478, 489–490
- Troops in—
- Rhineland, question of retention for 15 years, 113–114
- Russia (Archangel), 114–115, 247, 370
- Greece (see also
New states; Turkish
territories: Asia Minor): Boundary with
Bulgaria, 64; Commission on Greek and Albanian
Affairs, 64, 65, 484; League of Nations Council, Greek
participation, 324; minorities, protection of,
study of question by Committee on New States, 483; participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace
treaty, 313, 322,
481; reparation terms of German peace
treaty, Greek attitude, 230; request to Allied
powers for evacuation of Corfu, and Allied acquiescence, 541
- Guarantees. See under
Germany: Treaty: Terms
and under
Reparation: German.
- Haller’s army. See under
Poland.
- Hedjaz. See
Turkish territories: Syria.
- Heligoland, 64, 241, 339
- Holland, 256, 511
- Hoover, Herbert, appeal for recognition of Finland, 316, 352, 357–359
- Hostages for surrender of war criminals, question of, 338, 340, 341
- House, Edward M., 25, 26, 26–27,
32, 33
- Hungary:
- Allied military intervention to maintain order, question of, 706–707
- Armistice (Austro-Hungarian, Nov. 3, 1918)
and military convention (Nov. 13, 1918):
Cited, 18, 42,
61–62;
Hungarian peace treaty provision for continuance in force of certain
portions of Armistice, 666
- Bela Kun government: Alliance with Russia, 18; attitude toward territory in dispute
with Roumania, 41–43, 61–62; fall of, 494; inability
to maintain order, and question of Allied military intervention,
369, 392, 706–707; murders in Budapest, 369; statement to Allies following assumption of control of
Hungary, 18
- Blockade, 62, 535, 813, 817
- Food shipments from the Banat, Serbian refusal to permit, 524–525, 526, 601
- Frontier questions with Roumania, Hungarian attitude and refusal
to withdraw troops from territory in dispute, 41–43, 61–62; Roumanian aggression,
291–292,
706
- Smuts, General, mission to Budapest: Dispatch of, upon Bela Kun’s
request, 16, 17, 18; reports and
consideration thereof by Council of Four, 39, 41–43, 59, 61–62, 291
- Treaty of peace with the Allied and Associated
Powers:
- Allied invitation to Hungarians to come to
St. Germain to receive terms of peace, and Hungarian
attitude:
- Discussions, general, 368–369, 392–393, 406, 427, 451, 494
- Hungarian attitude, 494
- Italian attitude, 427
- Text, draft, of Allied note, 406; question of publication, 451
- Language, official, use of Italian in addition to English
and French, 605–606
- Preparation of text by Drafting Committee, commencement,
515
- Signature, Allied consideration of military and naval
measures necessary in event of Hungarian refusal or
inability to sign treaty, 65,
66, 532–533, 533–534, 535
- Terms, discussions and draft texts:
- Aerial navigation, 663–664
- Economic clauses, 65
- Financial clauses, 65,
292, 514, 563, 831
- Frontiers (see also
Political clauses, infra), 500, 511–514, 560, 571, 620
- Labor clauses, 617,
625
- League of Nations Covenant, 617, 625
- Military, naval, and air clauses:
- Air clauses, 638, 662–664, 882, 892–895
- Discussions, general, and draft texts, 627–638, 653–667, 675, 877–882, 885–898
- General clauses, 638, 666–667, 882, 897–898
- Interallied commissions of control, 638, 664–666, 882, 895–897
- Military clauses: Armament, munitions, and
material, 657–658, 660, 891;
effectives and cadres, 627–635, 654–655, 658–659, 675, 877–881, 885–891;
general provisions, 653–654;
recruiting and military training, 655–656; schools, educational establishments,
military societies, etc., 656–657; texts,
draft, and discussions, 627–635, 653–660, 877–881
- Naval clauses, 635–638, 660–662, 881–882, 891–892
- Texts, draft, 653–667, 891–898
- Miscellaneous clauses, Hungarian recognition of
Allied treaties with other enemy powers, 593–594
- Penalties for breaches of laws of war, 517–518, 530, 605
- Political clauses for Europe: General clauses,
Hungarian recognition of frontiers of new states and
of contiguous states, 512–514, 531, 536, 541, 543, 620; Jugoslavia, obligation to conclude
treaties with the Allies regarding protection of
minorities, 816–817
- Ports, waterways, and railways: Discussions,
general, 266, 267, 518, 588, 589–598; Italian views on provisions regarding
revision of railway tariff regime to Adriatic ports,
266, 589–591, 594
- Prisoners of war and graves, 725
- Reparation clauses:
- Committee on Reparation Clauses in the
Treaties with Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria,
appointment, 864
- Discussions concerning—
- Adriatic shipping, question of distribution
and Italian claims, 566–569, 834–835
- Belligerency as a requisite for claiming
reparation, 833–834
- Libraries, museums, etc., 835
- New states: Hearing of, 836; question of assumption
of share of Austro-Hungarian war costs, 163–164, 292, 514, 531, 560–562, 566, 830–832
- Reparation Commission, 832; Serbian claim for representation on
Commission for consideration of Austro-Hungarian
questions, 353, 360
- Serbian claims, 353, 360, 587
- Preparation of draft clauses by financial
experts, 514, 541, 625
- Responsibility for the war and penalties, 517–518, 530, 605
- Indian delegation, presentation to Council of Four, May
17, of Moslem objections to partition of Turkish Empire, 498, 587, 682, 690–701, 707–708, 709, 711, 761
- Istria. See
Italy: Adriatic
claims.
- Italy (see also
Africa; Armies; China: Shantung; Mandates; Orlando; Reparation; Russia: Allied policy; Turkish
territories):
- Absence of plenipotentiaries from peace conference
on account of Fiume-Dalmatia controversy, and ultimate return:
- Departure of plenipotentiaries:
- Intimations of, and attitude of Council, 90–91, 92–93, 94, 95, 97, 112, 123, 135, 149, 150, 202–203
- Memorandum to Orlando from
Clemenceau and Lloyd George, Apr.
23: Preparation, 150, 203, 222, 430; publication, question of, 407–408, 410–412, 429, 432, 432–433; text, 223–227
- Notification to Council by Orlando and Sonnino,
Apr. 24, and discussions,
210–222
- Effect of Italian absence on—
- Austrian peace treaty, 427, 451
- German peace treaty: Drafting questions, 215, 244–245, 408, 414, 420–421, 463, 464–465; Italian credentials,
390–392, 485; Italian reparation [Page 935] claims and other
interests, 94, 135, 149, 213–215, 353–354, 413–414; omission of Italy from League Council
membership, 420–421
- Experts, Italian: Arrangement for continued
functioning of, 214;
communication of criticisms of German peace treaty,
and Allied reply, 408–410, 414, 415–416, 426; receipt of
notification of meetings, 258, 409
- Return to conference: Consideration by Council of
possibility of, and question of sending communication to
Italy (see also
Departure: Memorandum to Orlando, supra), 353–354, 354, 390–392, 404–405, 406, 408–414, 415–416, 420–421, 426–436, 452–459; Italian decision to return, notification to
Council and discussions concerning, 464–465, 465, 468–469, 482, 484–485
- Adriatic claims (Tyrol, Trieste and Istria, Fiume,
Dalmatia and the islands, Albania):
- Albania, Italian assumption of protectorate, 483
- Fiume-Dalmatia, conflict of Italian claims
based on Treaty of London with President Wilson’s principles
for peace settlement (see also
Absence of Italian
plenipotentiaries, supra):
- General discussions, 64, 80–94, 95–101, 106–109, 135–137, 149–151, 154, 202, 203, 210–222, 223–227, 291, 353–354, 407–414, 426–436, 451, 452–459, 465, 469, 482, 567, 568, 579–581, 585, 620, 707, 709–711, 756, 758–759, 769–770
- Jugoslav interests, 98,
106, 136, 149, 212, 216, 224, 225, 432, 433, 453, 456–457, 580, 710
- Military and naval movements by Italy, 291, 412, 433, 453, 458, 465, 469
- Views, proposals, etc., of—
- Clemenceau: Attitude toward Treaty of
London, 90–91, 212, 216, 224, 435–436;
general, 136, 213–214, 215, 453–454, 580; joint
memorandum with Lloyd George to Italians regarding
consequences of withdrawal from conference, text
and discussions, 150,
203, 222, 223–227, 407–408
- Lloyd George: Attitude toward Treaty of
London, 91–93, 94, 98–99, 135, 212–213, 216, 224, 430, 433–434;
general, 100, 106, 108, 135–136, 149, 202, 212–213, 214–215, 218, 219–220, 221, 222, 354, 431, 433–434, 452–453, 469, 580, 581, 707, 710; joint memorandum with Clemenceau to
Italians regarding consequences of withdrawal from
conference, text and discussions, 150, 203, 222, 223–227, 407–408; proposals for
settlement of Adriatic question, and Italian
attitude, 106, 108–109, 135–136, 136–137, 217, 220, 433–434, 756, 758, 769–770
- Orlando and Sonnino, 80–84, 88–89, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95–96, 97–98, 100, 100–101, 101, 108–109, 135, 149, 154, 202, 203, 210–211, 211–212, 214, 215–216, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 220–221, 221
- Wilson: General, 84–88, 89, 93, 94, 96–97, 98, 99–100, 100, 101, 106, 108, 135, 149, 202–203, 211, 214, 216, 217, 218–219, 220, 221, 222, 354, 411, 427, 428, 431, 456, 482, 579–580, 580–581, 585, 709–710, 711, 758–759;
manifesto of Apr. 23,
cited, 109, 135, 136, 150, 202–203, 210–211, 212, 219, 221, 429, 432–433; memorandum to Orlando
containing Adriatic proposals, cited, 212, 216, 217, 222; presentation o
experts’ proposal, May 13,
579–581
- Statement of Italian claims and discussion in Council of
Four, Apr. 19, 80–94
- Treaty of London, cited, 80,
90
- Tyrol, Trieste, and Istria, 80–81, 85, 154, 216, 218, 220, 223, 453, 567, 568, 579–580
- Anti-French incidents, 900–901
- Balkans, Italian activity in, 465–466
- Frontiers (see also
Adriatic claims, supra), 513
- Political conditions, 405, 426–427, 633–634, 900–901
- Railway tariff regime to Adriatic ports, Italian views concerning
peace treaty provisions for revision of, 258, 266, 589–591, 594
- Reparation, Austro-Hungarian, Italian claims concerning Adriatic
shipping, 566–569, 834–835
- Treaties:
- London declaration of Sept. 5,
1914, regarding nondeclaration of a separate peace,
Italian adherence, 151, 390
- Secret treaties:
- Japan (see also
China: Shantung and
Kiaochow; Pacific Islands):
- German prisoners of war in Japan, Japanese desire for special
provisions in German financial clauses covering cost of maintenance
of, 353, 359, 360, 366–367
- League of Nations Covenant, racial equality question, 317
- Recognition of Kolchak government of Russia, purported Japanese
proposal, 861–862
- Representation on commissions, councils:
- Committee for hearing German observations on conditions of
peace, question of, 542
- Council of Four: Participation of Japan in discussions
concerning disposal of German war vessels, 543; protest by Japan against
noninclusion in discussions on certain Chinese and Siamese
questions, 472
- Reparation Commission, Japanese representation for
questions concerning damage at sea, 353, 359–360, 365–366
- Secret treaties regarding China. See under
China: Shantung and
Kiaochow.
- Troops in Siberia guarding railways, relations with U. S. troops,
528–529
- War, nature of participation in, 123,
139, 147, 246
- Jews and other minorities, protection of, 393–395, 397–399, 483, 678–681
- Jugoslavia (see also
New states):
- Armaments supplies to Serbian Army by Allies, 675
- Bolshevism, 149, 151
- Commission on Roumanian and Jugoslav Affairs, 61, 64
- Food exports from the Banat to Austria and Hungary, Serbian
refusal to permit, 524–525, 526,
601
- Frontiers (see also
Italy: Adriatic
claims), 64, 513–514
- Maltreatment of Montenegrins, reported, 681
- Participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty,
313, 322, 481
- Recognition by Allied Powers and relation of question to Jugoslav
credentials for plenary sessions, 292–293, 297, 312,
321, 338
- Reparation questions: General discussions, 163–164, 229, 314–315, 322–323, 353,
355, 365, 374, 388, 587, 738, 751–753, 831,
835; representation on Reparation
Commission, 353, 359–360, 365; request for share of
Austro-Hungarian artistic, archaeological, and scientific objects,
835
- Treaties with Allies for protection of minorities, provisions of
Austrian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian peace treaties regarding Jugoslav
obligation to conclude, 816–817
- Kaiser, former German, German peace treaty provisions for arraignment of,
389, 401–402
- Kehl and Strasbourg, special provisions of German peace treaty concerning,
419, 423–424
- Keynes scheme for restarting European industry by use of first German
reparation payment, and U S. disapproval, 151–152, 396
- Kiaochow. See
China: Shantung and
Kiaochow.
- Kiel Canal, German peace treaty provisions: Discussions, 205–206, 235–238, 241; texts, draft, 206–208, 241–243
- King-Crane Commission, 766, 812
- Labor:
- Austrian and Hungarian peace treaty clauses, preparation, 617, 625
- Commission, Labor, arrangements for presentation of report to
plenary session of Apr. 11, 21, 153
- Conference at Washington, proposed, 573, 611, 682, 685,
870
- Convention on international labor, German peace
treaty provisions:
- Desire of Borne Labor Conference for hearing, and
Council’s refusal, 607–608, 621
- German observations and counterproposals, and Allied
replies:
-
May 10, German transmittal
of scheme for international labor organization, and
Allied reply, May 14:
-
May 22, further German note
and Allied consideration of a reply: Discussions,
767, 861; text of German note,
869–872
- International labor organization: Admission of Germany,
question of, 573, 606, 611, 625, 681–682, 684–685; representation of British
dominions on International Labor Council, 308–309, 477–478
- German peace treaty provisions (see also
Convention, supra),
proposed use of German labor for restoration of devastated areas,
48, 49,
185, 186, 191, 337–538, 339
- Language, official, of Austrian and Hungarian peace treaties, 605–606; of German
peace treaty, 244–245
- Latvia. See
Baltic countries.
- League of Nations (see also
Mandates):
- Austrian and Hungarian peace treaty clauses relating to League,
preparation, 617–618, 625
- Chinese questions left unsettled by peace conference, arrangements
for consideration by League, 318, 607, 620–621
- Committee on Organization of, 324
- Covenant. See
German peace treaty clauses, infra.
- German peace treaty clauses concerning Covenant,
discussions:
- Air services, question of inclusion in references to
military and naval services, 816
- British dominions, question of representation on Council,
477–478, 489–490
- German observations and counterproposal, May 9, and Allied replies, May
10 and 22:
- Discussions, 559, 756
- Texts:
- German note, 563
- Reply of Allies: Preliminary reply, May 10, 563–564; note,
May 22, 767–769
- Japanese attitude toward non-recognition of claims for
racial equality provision, 317
- Omission of references to air services when mentioning
military and naval services, 816
- Organization, 315, 324, 420–421, 463, 471–472
- Plenary sessions concerning, 153, 315, 317, 324, 325, 326
- Voting in Council, provisions for majority rather than
unanimous vote for inquiries into German military
engagements, 318–319
- Participation of enemy powers, question of—
- Lithuania. See
Baltic countries.
- Lloyd George, David (Prime Minister). See
Views of Lloyd George
under
China: Shantung; Italy: Adriatic claims:
Fiume-Dalmatia; Reparation: German; Russia: Allied policy; Turkish territories: Asia
Minor; Turkish territories: Syria.
- London, Treaty of. See
Africa: Mandates: Claims and interests of Italy; Italy: Adriatic claims; Turkish territories: Asia
Minor: Mandate: Italian participation.
-
Lusitania, 734
- Luxemburg: Coal deliveries by Germany, provision for, 295; economic union with Belgium or Franee,
question of, 862–863; German peace treaty political clauses concerning, discussions
and draft text, 63, 309, 339, 342–343; hearing before Council of
Four, proposed, 608, 862–863
- Malmedy, 818, 820,
824, 828
- Mandates (see also
Pacific Islands, Turkish
territories, and under
Africa):
- Nature and conditions of, general: Enemy property in mandated
territory, question of payment for, 304–307; minorities,
protection of, 393, 459; “open door,” 492, 618–619; peace treaty provisions concerning
mandates, nature of, 396, 421, 459–460, 472–473; theory of mandates, 700; transfer of territories to the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers, 421, 459–460, 493;
utilization by mandatory of native troops, 463
- Procedure concerning, question of, 396, 421, 459–460, 472–473
- Saar Basin, 61, 66–68
- Shantung and Kiaochow, proposed, 109,
127, 128–129, 140
- Mesopotamia. See
Turkish territories: Syria and
adjoining regions.
- Military clauses of peace treaties. See
Treaty: Terms: Military
under
Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary.
- Minorities:
- Montenegro, 64, 498, 621, 625, 681
- Moresnet, 818, 820, 824, 828, 916
- Morocco, 41
- Morris, Roland S. (U. S. Ambassador in Japan), mission to Siberia, 560, 688, 725
- Moslems of India, hearing before Council of Four, May
17, to present objections to partition of Turkish Empire, 498, 587, 618, 682, 690–701, 707–708, 709, 711, 761
- Nansen relief proposal, Bolshevik reply and consideration by Council of
Four, 706, 734–735, 743–748
- Narcotics traffic, restriction, 41
- Nauru, 492, 500,
508
- Naval clauses of peace treaties. See
Treaty: Terms: Military, naval, and air clauses
under
Austria, Germany, Hungary.
- Netherlands, 256, 511
- Neuilly-sur- Seine, treaty of. See
Bulgaria: Treaty of
peace.
- Neutrals, questions in connection with Allied blockade of Germany, 599, 601, 603–604
- New Guinea and adjacent islands, mandate, 473,
492, 506, 508
- New states (see also
Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Poland):
- Armaments supplies by Allies, 675,
683–684
- Armies, strength of, discussions in connection with military
effectives provisions of Austrian and Hungarian peace treaties, 627–635, 675, 863–864, 877–881, 885–891, 904–905
- Committee on New States: Establishment and
membership, 395, 418; reports, consideration of, and text of report No. 1, 439–444, 625,
678–681,
733; terms of reference, extension
to include Greece and Roumania, 483
- Frontiers and independence of, Austrian and Hungarian peace treaty
provisions regarding recognition of, 511–514, 531, 536,
541, 543, 620
- Greece, inclusion in discussions regarding new states, 483
- Hearing of, with regard to financial and reparation clauses of
Austrian and Hungarian peace treaties, arrangements, 563, 836
- International obligations and treaties, provisions for acceptance
of, 394–395,
399–401,
440–441,
442–443,
444
- Minorities, protection of, general discussions and draft texts of
treaty provisions, 393–395, 397–399, 439–440, 441–444, 483,
678–681,
733, 816–817
- Ports, waterways, and railways conventions, general, proposed
application to former enemy territories, 259, 400
- Prisoners of war, nationals of Austro-Hungarian territories
transferred to new states, arrangements for liberation, 873–877
- Reparation and war debt questions, liabilities and claims of new
states, 163–164, 229–230, 292,
314–315,
322–323,
354–355,
374, 449, 450, 479–480, 514, 531,
560–562,
566, 587, 730–731, 734, 738, 751–753, 830–832, 833–834, 836,
837n
, 858
- Roumania, inclusion in discussions regarding new states, 483
- Trial of former Austro-Hungarian subjects accused of breaches of
laws of war, question of, 605
- New Zealand, mandate for German Samoan Islands, 473, 492, 500, 508
- Occupation, armies of. See
Armies: Occupation.
- Open door policy: China, 111, 129, 130, 325, 326; mandates,
492, 618–619
- Opium traffic, restriction, 41
- Orlando, Vittorio (Premier). See
Views of Orlando
under
Italy: Adriatic claims:
Fiume-Dalmatia; Reparation: German; Russia: Allied policy; Turkish territories: Asia
Minor.
- Pacific Islands, mandates:
- British and Japanese claims to North Pacific and
South Pacific islands, respectively, under secret agreements of 1917, 109, 126–127, 129, 134,
138–139,
473, 492, 500, 506, 508; text of British
note of Feb. 16, 1917, 134
- Nauru, 492, 500, 508
- New Guinea and adjacent islands, 473,
492, 506, 508
- Samoa, German, 473, 492, 500,
508
- Secret agreement between Japan and Great Britain (1917), cited, 126–127, 129, 134,
138–139
- Yap, proposed internationalization of, 109
- Paderewski, Ignace Jan (Premier), 676–677, 711–712, 713–715
- Palestine. See
Turkish territories: Syria and
adjoining regions.
- Peace conference, plenary sessions (see
also
Peace congress): Apr. 11,
concerning labor, arrangements, 21; Apr. 28, concerning League Covenant, labor clauses,
responsibility for the war, arrangements, 153,
315, 317, 324, 325, 326; May 6, presentation
to conference of summary of German peace treaty, arrangements, 153, 396, 465, 481
- Peace congress, meetings between Allied Powers and—
- Peace, treaties of. See under
Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Turkey.
- Penalties for breaches of laws of war. See
Responsibility.
- Pensions and separation allowances, inclusion in categories of damage to
be paid by Germany, 17, 19, 24, 27,
29, 30, 54, 57, 158–159, 168, 169, 478–479
- Persia, question of representation or hearing at peace conference, 153, 498
- Peru, participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty,
415, 416–417
- Photographs of plenary session to communicate terms of peace to Germans,
prohibition against taking of, 496
- Plebiscites, proposed: Adriatic territory claimed by Italy, 91–92, 136, 137, 580, 759; Saar Valley
and Silesia, 205; Schleswig, 559
- Plenary sessions. See
Peace conference
and
Peace congress.
- Poland (see also
New states):
- Commissions concerning Poland:
- Economic and financial situation, 521
- Galicia, Eastern. See
Ukrainian-Polish hostilities, infra.
- German-Bolshevik hostilities against Poland, rumored, 793, 899
- German peace treaty, Polish interest in:
- Assistance of Polish troops in military action against
Germany in event of German failure to sign treaty, proposed,
528, 538, 703, 704
- Danzig provisions, 63, 86, 114, 118–122, 293–294, 913–914
- Participation of Poland in plenary sessions concerning,
293, 298, 313, 322, 390, 481; question of
credentials, 390
- Political clauses concerning Poland, 439, 440, 441–442, 442–443, 444, 818; German
attitude on Silesian question, 204, 205
- Reparation questions, 163–164, 374, 449, 450, 479–480, 531, 560–562, 731
- Haller’s army: Operations against Ukrainians in defiance of
Council’s instructions, 711, 712, 754,
778–779,
781, 783, 802, 806; transport from France to Poland across Germany
following German refusal of Allied demand for passage via Danzig,
14, 15–16, 17–18, 39–40, 152, 703, 704
- Paderewski, Ignace Jan (Premier), 676–677, 711–712, 713–715
- Teschen question, 64, 677–678
- Treaty with Allies: Discussions concerning nationality and
minorities questions, 439–444, 678–681; preparation by Drafting Committee,
733
- Ukrainian-Polish hostilities in Eastern Galicia, and
efforts of Council of Four to terminate:
- Bolshevik menace, relation to conflict, 676, 712, 714, 755, 776, 778, 779, 780, 781, 786, 793, 795–796
- Commission for Negotiation of an Armistice Between Poland
and the Ukraine:
- Appointment, composition, and terms of reference,
783–785, Authorization to send
telegrams, 496–497
- Report, May 15, concerning
unsuccessful efforts to arrange armistice:
Discussions, 705–706, 755, 778–781; text with appendices,
783–799
- Council of Four:
- Hearing of Ukrainian delegation, 755, 775–778
- Representations to Polish Government:
- Declaration of intention to withhold
supplies and assistance in event of Polish
nonacceptance of Council’s [Page 940] guidance and
decisions: Discussions, 676–677, 755, 779–781, 859; draft texts, 782, 859–860
- Request for information regarding use of
Haller’s army against Ukrainians: Discussions,
781, 802; draft texts, 783, 806
- Discussions, general, 496–497, 601, 676–677, 705–706, 711–715, 754–755, 775–799, 802, 806, 859–860, 915
- Draft armistice convention presented to Polish and
Ukrainian delegations in Paris: Draft text, with
supplementary Ukrainian undertaking, 789–792; Polish
rejection, 786, 787, 792–794; Ukrainian
acceptance, 776, 778, 780, 786–787, 787, 794–799
- Haller’s army, 711, 712, 754, 778–779, 781, 783, 802, 806
- Polish attitude, 676–677, 705, 711–715, 754, 755, 778–779, 780, 781, 786, 787, 792–794, 915
- Ukrainian attitude, 496, 775–778, 778, 786–787, 787, 788–789, 789, 794–799
- Ports, waterways, and railways:
- Austrian and Hungarian peace treaty clauses: Discussions, general,
518, 588, 589–598; Italian views on provisions for revision of railway
tariff regime to Adriatic ports, 258,
266, 589–591, 594
- Bulgarian peace treaty clauses, preparation, 267, 904
- Commission:
- Continuation of work of, for preparation of a general
convention applicable to all countries, 251–252, 264–265, 591–592
- Members, list of, 260–261
- Reports:
- Consideration by Council of Four, 63, 205–206, 251–260
- Texts:
- First report, Apr. 7,
260–265
- Second report, Apr.
25, 266–268; annexed text of peace
treaty clauses, 269–290
- Special report on clauses concerning Kiel
Canal, 206–208
- Convention, general, 259, 266, 290,
400
- German peace treaty clauses:
- Discussions, general, and draft texts, 205–206, 206–208, 235–238, 241, 241–243, 251–290, 419, 423–424
- Dispute and revision of permanent clauses, 255, 262–263, 266, 289–290
- General conventions regarding international regime, German
undertaking to adhere to, 266,
274, 290
- General provisions, 255, 269–270
- Kehl and Strasbourg, special provisions in political
clauses concerning Alsace-Lorraine, 419, 423–424
- Kiel Canal, 205–206, 206–208, 235–238, 241, 241–243
- Navigation:
- Czechoslovakia, special rights in ports of Hamburg
and Stettin, 264, 284
- Elbe, Oder, Niemen, and Danube Rivers, 258–259, 263–264, 266, 272–279
- Freedom of navigation, 255, 271
- Free zones in ports, 271–272;
special political provisions concerning
Alsace-Lorraine, 419,
423–424
- Rhine and Moselle Rivers, 252–255, 255–257, 263, 264, 266, 267, 279–283
- Railways:
- Cessions of railway lines, 286–287
- International transport, 257, 258, 266; 284–286;
Italian reservation regarding revision of railway
tariff regime to Adriatic ports, 258, 266, 589–591, 594
- Provisions regarding certain railway lines, 257–258, 287–289
- Rolling stock, 286
- Transitory provisions, 289
- Special provision regarding German undertaking to adhere
to any general conventions concerning international regime,
266, 274, 290
- Texts, draft, 206–208, 241–243, 269–290
- Siberian railways, operation by Stevens Commission, 528–529, 903
- Portugal: Inclusion in Belgian demand regarding transfer of German
colonies pending assignment of mandates, 419–420, 459–460; participation in plenary
sessions concerning German peace treaty, 313,
322, 481;
reparation claims, 229, 314, 315, 323
- Press (see also
Publicity): Allied journalists at plenary session
for communicating terms of peace to Germans, 356; German journalists, inclusion in German representation at
Versailles, 152, 203–204, 472, 473, 531; German printers, assistance to German delegation, 772, 773, 774
- Prince’s Island (Prinkipo) conference, proposed, 745
- Prisoners of war and graves:
- Austrian peace treaty clauses: Discussions, 725, 873–877, 913;
draft text, 882–885
- Bulgarian peace treaty clauses, preparation, 725
- Commission on Prisoners of War, 337,
339, 725, 874–875, 876
- German peace treaty clauses (see
also
Reparation, infra):
- Discussions, general, and draft texts, 310, 337–338, 339–342
- German note, May 10, and Allied
reply, May 20:
- Discussions, 566, 587, 606, 624, 674, 682–683, 724–725, 737, 802, 816
- Texts:
- Hostages for surrender of war criminals, proposed, 338, 340, 341
- Text, draft, 339–342
- Hungarian peace treaty clauses, preparation, 725
- Japanese desire for reimbursement of costs incurred for
maintenance of German prisoners in Japan, 353, 359, 360, 366–367
- New states, nationals of, special dispositions concerning, 873–877
- Reparation clauses of German treaty concerning German obligation
to pay for Allied assistance to prisoners of war and dependents and
for maltreatment of prisoners, 30, 54, 57, 168
- Russian prisoners in Germany, repatriation, 40
- Prize court decisions, German acceptance, 41
- Property, German peace treaty provisions:
- Economic clauses relating to private property abroad, German
protest of May 22, discussions in Council of
Four, and Allied consideration of a reply, 767, 861, 865–869; text
of German note, 865–869
- Financial clauses: Alienation of property in violation of
Armistice, noninclusion of provisions concerning, 307; nonpayment for German property in
mandated territory, 304–307; payment for German debt and property
in ceded territory and special exceptions for Belgium and France,
304–507,
378, 448–449, 449–450
- Reparation clauses: German obligation to pay for damage to
property resulting from acts of Germany or Allies directly in
consequence of operations of war, 17,
19, 28,
29, 30,
51, 55,
58, 164,
165, 169, 201; restitution by Germany
of property seized, carried off, injured, etc., continuance in
accordance with Armistice provisions, 19–20, 29, 38, 48, 50, 56, 164, 167, 192,
193–196,
304, 479
- Prussia, East, 818
- Publicity of text or summary of treaty as handed to Germans,
question of, 153–154, 204–205,
357, 404, 469–470, 485, 491–492, 577, 673–674
- Railways. See
Ports, waterways, and railways.
- Relief (see also
Food relief), German request for Allied advance of
clothing to German prisoners of war upon release, and Allied noncompliance,
575, 610, 624, 674, 682–683, 724–725, 750
- Religious, racial, etc., minorities, protection of, 393–395, 397–399, 439–440, 441–444, 459, 483, 678–681, 733, 816–817
- Reparation:
- Austrian reparation. See
Austria: Treaty of
peace: Terms: Reparation.
- Bulgarian reparation. See
Bulgaria: Treaty of
peace: Terms: Reparation.
- Commissions:
- Commission on Reparation of Damage: Preparation of
Austrian and Hungarian treaty clauses, 514, 541; report by
Second Subcommittee, Apr. 18, text,
187–201; report by Third Subcommission, discussion,
484
- Committee on Reparation Clauses in the Treaties with
Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria, appointment, 864
- Reparation Commission. See under
German reparation: Discussions, infra.
- Special expert committees, 48–49
- Enemy powers, joint and several liability of, 234, 354–355, 360,
387–388,
409, 415–416, 480
- German reparation:
- Claims and interests of—
- Belgium. See
Belgium: German peace treaty: Reparation.
- Brazil, 162, 190, 229, 230, 314, 315, 323–324
- Czechoslovakia, question of, 163–164, 374
- France (including Alsace-Lorraine), 32, 45, 52, 53–54, 75–76, 189–190, 346–347, 373–376, 384, 446, 448, 567
- Great Britain, 32, 45, 51–52, 162, 189–190, 303–304, 346, 419, 446, 447, 448, 461, 567
- Greece, 230
- Italy, 94, 135, 149, 213–216, 387–388, 408–410, 414, 415–416, 426, 480, 566, 567, 568, 569, 585, 833–834
- Japan, 132, 230, 353, 359, 359–360, 365–367
- Jugoslavia, 229, 314–315, 322–323, 350–360, 365, 374, 388, 587, 738, 751–753
- New states. See
New states, infra.
- Poland, 163–164, 374, 449, 450, 479–480, 531, 560–562, 731
- Portugal, 229, 314, 315, 323
- Roumania, 230, 314, 388
- United States: Participation in Reparation
Commission, question of, 71, 72, 77; retention of German
ships captured in American ports, question of, 161–163, 188, 189–191, 198–199, 229, 230, 396, 414, 447, 461
- Discussions and draft texts of clauses
concerning—
- Allocation of installments among Allied Powers,
17, 20, 29, 50, 56, 63, 167, 355, 360, 370–371, 397, 401, 419, 448, 543
- Amount of German liability, determination of. See
Damage: Extent of German liability,
infra.
- Cables, German, renunciation, 241, 392, 422, 437–438
- Credits to German reparation account, 167–168, 303–304
- Damage, German compensation of:
- Categories of damage: Armed forces (pensions
and separation allowances), 17, 19, 24, 27, 29, 30, 54, 57, 158–159, 168, 169, 478–479;
civilians (acts injurious to health, acts of
cruelty, acts of war, forced labor without
remuneration, levies, fines, etc.), 28, 29, 30, 51, 54, 55, 57, 58, 168, 169; prisoners of war
(Allied assistance to prisoners and dependents;
maltreatment), 30, 54, 57, 168;
property (acts of Germany or Allies directly in
consequence of operations of war), 17, 19, 28, 29, 30, 51, 55, 58, 164, 165, 169, 201
- Extent of German liability,
determination of, 16–17, 19, 22–27, 27–28, 31–35, 44–47, 49–50, 52, 55–56, 73–79, 158–159, 159–160, 165–166, 349, 373–376, 449, 450, 478–480, 486–487, 725, 730–731, 734, 833–834, 837n
, 858; special dispositions
for Belgium, questions concerning, 31–33, 52–54, 58, 229, 314–315, 323, 344–351, 375–376, 390, 414–415, 418–419, 445–449
- Proposals, inconclusive, concerning—
- Damage resulting from German violation of
formal engagements or international law, 28, 29, 31–33, 35
- Depreciation of marks left in occupied
territory, 53–54, 323, 344, 345, 375–376, 390, 419
- Food and relief supplied to citizens by
states, 164–165, 344, 347, 351
- Trade and business losses, 31, 32, 51–52
- War costs, 344,
346–350, 351
- Payment:
- Economic resources, application toward
reparation:
- Coal deliveries to Belgium, France, and
Italy, 38, 48–49, 186–187, 291, 295–297; to Luxemburg, 295
- Dyestuffs and other chemical products, 192, 291, 294–295
- General principles, 19–20, 48–49, 50, 161
- Merchant shipping, 161–163, 167, 182–184, 187–191, 196–199, 201, 229–230, 314–315, 323–324, 396, 414, 461, 566, 567, 568
- Physical restoration of devastated areas
(animals, machinery, materials), 19, 48, 49, 164, 165, 167, 184–186, 191, 195–196, 201, 418, 422–423;
utilization of German labor, 48, 49, 185, 186, 191, 337–338, 339
- Preliminary payment of 20,000,000,000 gold marks before May 1921: Belgian claim for
share, 323, 344–345, 346, 349, 350, 414–415, 418–419, 445–448; general, 20, 28, 35–37, 50, 56, 166; Keynes plan for using to restart
industry throughout Europe, and U. S. disapproval,
151–152, 396; priority of costs of army of
occupation and food and raw material supplied to
Germany, 20, 28, 35–37, 50, 56, 166, 471; Serbian claim for
share, 587, 738, 751–753
- Sanctions in event of voluntary default by
Germany, 160–161, 170–180
- Undertaking by Germany to make payments and
enact necessary legislation, 48, 50, 163, 167
- Reparation Commission:
- Constitution, powers, rules of procedure,
etc.: Committee to study, 47, 49, 54, 71; discussions and texts, 19, 22–27, 28, 34, 35, 45–48, 49–50, 50, 55–56, 63, 71–79, 155–161, 166, 169–182, 229, 314–315, 322–323, 353, 359–360, 365–366, 616–617, 623; text of annex
concerning, 169–182
- Separate reparation commissions for Austria
and Germany, question of, 832, 837
- Responsibility for war losses and obligation to
make reparation, acceptance by Germany:
- Discussions and draft texts, 22, 27–28, 35, 44, 49, 55, 165, 234, 354–355, 360, 387–388
- German protest, May
13, and Allied reply, May
20:
- Restitution of property carried off, seized,
injured, etc., by Germany, continuance in accordance
with Armistice provisions, 19–20, 29, 38, 48, 50, 56, 164, 167, 192, 193–196, 304, 479
- General discussions and draft texts, 16–17, 19–20,
21–30, 31–38, 44–58, 63, 71–79, 94, 132, 135, 149, 155–201, 213–216, 221, 222, 229–230, 234, 241, 291, 292, 204–297, 303–304, 314–315, 322–324, 337–338, 339, 344–351, 353, 354–355, 350–360, 365–367, 370–371, 373–376, 384, 387–388, 390, 392, 396, 397, 401, 408–410, 414–415, 415–416, 418–419, 422–423, 426, 437–438, 445–450, 461, 471, 478–480, 484, 486–487, 514, 519, 520, 531, 543, 560–562, 566–569, 585, 587, 606–607, 612, 616–617, 623, 674, 723–724, 725, 727–731, 733, 734, 738–743, 751–753, 832–834, 837, 858
- German protest, May 13, and Allied
reply, May 20:
- Guarantees (see also under
Germany: Treaty: Terms),
technical, question of, 29, 37–38,
47, 56, 74, 192, 199–200, 484
- New states, question of assumption of share in German
reparation obligations and participation in reparation
payments, 163–164, 229–230, 292, 314–315, 322–323, 354–355, 374, 449, 450, 479–480, 514, 531, 560–562, 566, 587, 730–731, 734, 738, 751–753, 833–834, 837n
, 858
- Texts, draft, 19–20, 27–30, 49–50,
55–58, 165–187, 196–198, 199–201, 294–297
- Views of—
- Clemenceau, 24, 25, 33–34, 37, 38, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 73, 75–76, 76–77, 156, 158, 337, 350, 355, 479, 520, 567, 569; other
French representatives, 22, 23, 24–25, 26, 33, 34, 35–36, 37, 38, 44–45, 46, 47, 47–48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 72, 74, 74–75, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164–165, 303, 304, 387, 388, 419, 448, 479, 480, 834
- Lloyd George, 19–20, 22, 23, 24, 25–26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51–52, 53, 71, 72, 73–74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 155, 156, 157, 157–158, 158–159, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 163–164, 165, 221, 222, 303, 304, 314–315, 338, 346, 346–347, 347, 351, 355, 366, 367, 387, 388, 419, 447, 448, 449, 461, 479, 480, 520, 561, 582, 566, 567, 568, 569, 587, 616, 617, 734, 832, 833, 834; other British
representatives, 53, 78, 159–160, 447, 448
- Orlando, 47, 561, 562, 566, 566–567, 567, 588, 569, 734, 832, 833, 833–834
- Wilson, 16–17, 24, 27, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 156, 158, 159, 160, 160–161, 161–162, 162–163, 163, 230, 303, 304, 314, 315, 337–338, 349, 355, 387–388, 419, 447, 461, 479, 480, 519, 520, 561, 567, 569, 616, 617, 734, 832; House, 25, 26, 26–27, 32, 33; other U.
S. representatives 23–24, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 37–38, 46, 47, 52, 53, 75, 78, 79, 156, 179, 303
- Hungarian reparation. See
Hungary: Treaty of
peace: Terms: Reparation.
- Responsibility for the war and penalties:
- Austrian, Hungarian, and Bulgarian peace treaty provisions,
preparation of, 517–518, 530,
605
- Commission, 31, 32, 63, 513, 530, 612, 728,
729, 730, 743
- German peace treaty clauses:
- German attitude and protests: Desire for neutral
commission to establish responsibility, and Allied refusal,
510; note of May 13 denying responsibility, and
Allied reply of May 20, discussions
and texts, 606–607, 612, 674, 723–724, 727–730, 733, 742–743
- Penalties for breaches of laws of war, 389–390, 401–402, 470–471, 605; draft text of clauses, 401–402
- Reparation clause providing for German acceptance of
responsibility for the war, discussions and draft texts, 22, 27–28, 35, 44, 49, 55, 165, 234, 354–355, 360,
387–388
- Restoration of devastated areas (animals, machinery, materials): German
reparation clauses, 19, 48, 49, 164, 165, 167, 184–186, 191, 195–196, 201, 418,422–423; utilization of German labor,
48, 49, 185, 186, 191, 337–338, 339
- Rhenish provinces and Westphalia, proposed establishment as separate
republic, 335
- Rhine. See
Guarantees: Western
Europe
and
Boundaries of Germany and political clauses: Rhine
under
Germany: Treaty: Terms; also under
Ports: German peace
treaty: Navigation.
- Rhodes, Italian action in, 465, 720
- Rivers. See
Ports, waterways, and railways.
- Roumania (see also
New states):
- Commission on Roumanian and Jugoslav Affairs, 61, 64
- Cooperation in proposed Allied military intervention in Hungary,
706–707
- Frontiers: Bulgarian, 64; Hungarian,
conflict between Hungarian and Roumanian troops, 42, 61–62, 291–292, 706;
recognition of, in Austrian and Hungarian peace treaties, 620
- Minorities, 483
- Participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty,
313, 322, 481
- Reparation, 230, 314, 388
- Russia:
- Allied policy, and efforts of Council of Four to
determine:
- General discussions, 114–115, 247, 370, 497–498, 513, 522, 528–530, 544–552, 560, 608, 687–688, 706, 725, 734–737, 743–748, 861–862, 901–904, 909–911, 914–915
- Kolchak government and other anti-Bolshevik groups, Allied
attitude:
- Allied troops in—
- Archangel: Britishh, 114–115, 247, 370;U. S., 370
- Siberia, relations between American,
Japanese, and Russian troops, 528–529, 608
- Efforts of Allies to ascertain political
intentions:
- Hearing of V. N. Chaikovski (president of
Archangel government) before Council of Four, 370, 497–498, 529, 530, 544–551, 560
- Morris, Roland S. (U. S. Ambassador in
Japan), mission to Siberia, 560, 688, 725
- Note to Kolchak government requesting
declaration of policy: Discussions, 529–530, 735–737, 862, 901–904, 914–915; draft
text, 900–911
- Recognition as government of all Russia,
purported Japanese proposal, 861–862
- Request by military representatives in South
Russia for declaration from General Denekin, and
Denekin’s reply, 544–545, 551–552
- Soviet government:
- Blockade, Allied, maintenance of, 522
- Nansen relief proposal, Bolshevik reply and
consideration by Council of Four, 706, 734–735, 743–748; text of Lenin’s letter of May
7, 744–747
- Prinkipo conference, proposed, 745
- Views of—
- Clemenceau, 735, 861, 862, 901, 902, 903
- Lloyd George, 497,
498, 529, 546, 550, 560, 608, 725, 735, 736, 737, 862, 901, 902, 902–903
- Orlando, 901, 903
- Wilson, 497, 498, 528–529, 529, 544, 560, 608, 725, 735, 736, 736–737, 862, 901, 902, 903, 914–915
- Baltic territories, former Russian, relations with Russia, 546, 547–548, 737
- Blockade, 522
- Finland, relations with, 546, 547, 550–551
- German peace treaty, political clauses concerning former Russian
territory and abrogation of Brest-Litovsk treaty, 41, 421, 424, 451,
461, 476; draft texts, 424, 461
- Nansen relief proposal, Bolshevik reply and consideration by
Council of Four, 706, 734–735, 743–748
- Prinkipo conference, proposed, 745
- Prisoners of war in Germany, repatriation, 40
- Relations between Soviet government and Bela Kun government of
Hungary, 18
- Stevens railway commission in Russia, 528–529, 903
- Ukraine (see also
Poland: Ukrainian-Polish hostilities), 513
- U. S. consul at Tashkent (Roger C. Tredwell), Bolshevik detention
and release, 699
- Saar Basin, German peace treaty provisions for disposition
of:
- General discussions concerning proposed schemes, 17, 60–61, 66–70, 204, 205, 206,
208–209,
335, 336
- German protests and counterproposals, May 13 and
16, and Allied reply, May 24:
- Special Commission on Saar Valley, work of, 60–61, 66–70, 206, 208–209, 335,
336, 813–815, 826, 912
- Samoa, German, mandate to New Zealand, 473,
492, 500, 508
- Sanctions in event of voluntary default in German reparation payments,
160–161, 179–180
- Savoy, German peace treaty provisions regarding German recognition of
Franco-Swiss arrangements, 481, 487–489
- Scapa Flow, German ships interned at, 238,
535
- Schleswig, German peace treaty provisions concerning
plebiscite: Discussions, 64, 559; German objections and Allied draft reply,
612, 818, 824, 828, 916
- Secret treaties. See under
Treaties.
- Self-determination, 9, 18, 42, 81–82, 88,
694, 710, 776, 795, 818
- Serbia and Serb-Croat-Slovene State. See
Jugoslavia.
- Shantung and Kiaochow. See under
China.
- Shipping, merchant:
- Austro-Hungarian shipping in Adriatic, Italian and other Allied
claims, 566–569, 710, 834–835
- German shipping:
- Delay by Germany in surrendering merchant ships in Spain,
517
- Transfer to Allies as reparations:
- Claims of Brazil, 162,
229, 230, 314, 315, 323–324; France, 189–190; Great
Britain, 51–52, 162, 189–190, 303–304, 567: Italy, 387, 566, 567, 568, 569; Portugal, 229, 314–315, 323; United States, 161–163, 188, 189–191, 198–199, 229, 230, 398, 414, 461
- Peace treaty provisions: Discussions, 161–163, 167, 187–191, 201, 396, 414, 568; draft
texts, 182–184, 196–199
- Siam, 472, 481
- Siberia. See
Russia.
- Silesia, Upper, 204, 205, 818
- Silver standard, Chinese proposal with reference to German financial
clauses, 460–461
- Smuts, General, mission to Budapest: Dispatch of, 16, 17, 18;
reports and consideration thereof by Council of Four, 39, 41–43,
59, 61–62, 291
- Smyrna. See
Turkish territories: Asia
Minor.
- Somaliland, 507, 508, 509, 582–583, 584, 587, 616
- South Africa, Union of, mandate for German Southwest Africa, 472–473, 500, 508
- Spain: German merchant ships in Spanish ports, delay by Germany in
surrendering, 517: participation in first League
Council, 324, 421
- Spartacism, 39, 103
- Special interests, powers having: Participation in plenary sessions
concerning German peace treaty, 153, 398; reparation claims, 164, 229–230, 322–324
- St. Germain, treaty of. See
Austria: Treaty of
peace.
- St. Jean de Maurienne agreement. See
Turkish territories: Asia
Minor: Mandates: Italian participation.
- Stevens railway commission, operation of Siberian railways, 528–529, 903
- Submarines: Austrian, 517–518; German, 240–241, 530–531, 534, 543, 834
- Suez Canal, 41
- Superior Blockade Council, report, 603–604
- Supreme Councils. See
Councils.
- Supreme Economic Council. See under
Councils.
- Switzerland, German peace treaty provisions regarding Franco-Swiss
arrangements concerning Savoy and Gex, 481, 487–489
- Sykes-Picot agreement. See
Turkish territories: Syria.
- Syria. See under
Turkish territories.
- Ten, Council of, study of German cable question, 392, 422
- Teschen question, 64, 677–678
- Togoland, 492–493,
500, 507, 508, 509, 812
- Trade and business losses, inconclusive proposals for reparation by
Germany, 31, 32, 51–52
- Transylvania, Hungarian-Roumanian conflict in, 41–43, 61–62, 291–292, 706
- Treaties, conventions, etc.:
- Aggression, Franco-American and Franco-British guarantees. See
France: Guarantee.
- Brest-Litovsk, abrogation, 421, 424, 451,
461, 476
- Military convention regarding occupation of the Rhine,
preparation, 395, 515
- Minorities treaties:
- Czechoslovakia, 681
- Discussions, general, and draft texts of treaties
concerning protection of minorities, 393–395, 397–399, 439–440, 441–444, 483, 678–681, 733, 810–817
- Jugoslavia, 816–817
- Poland. See
Poland: Treaty.
- Neuilly - sur - Seine. See
Bulgaria: Treaty of
peace.
- Peace treaties. See
Treaty of peace
under
Austria, Bulgaria,
Germany, Hungary, Turkey.
- Ports, waterways, and railways, proposed general conventions, 259, 266,
290, 400
- Rhine convention regarding military occupation, preparation of,
395, 515
- Saint Adresse declaration (Feb. 14, 1916),
cited, 345, 347
- Secret treaties:
- St. Germain. See
Austria: Treaty of
peace.
- Treaty of 1839 relating to Belgium, 32, 41
- Trianon. See
Hungary: Treaty of
peace.
- Versailles. See
Germany: Treaty of
peace.
- Tredwell, Roger C, 699
- Trianon, treaty of. See
Hungary: Treaty of
peace.
- Trieste. See
Italy: Adriatic
claims.
- Turkey (see also
Azerbaijan; Turkish
territories):
- Blockade, Allied, 536
- Debt, 618, 623, 758, 7
- Frontier with Bulgaria, 64
- League of Nations, question of admission of Turkish races and
territories, 691–692, 694, 697, 700,
701
- Treaty of peace with the Allied and Associated Powers: Allied
consideration of military or naval measures necessary in event of
Turkish refusal or inability to sign, 65,
66, 532–533, 533–534, 536; penalties clauses, 530; preparation, preliminary, 65, 588
- Turkish territories, mandate and military occupation
questions:
- Asia Minor (including the islands, Armenia, the
Caucasus, Constantinople):
- Mandates, proposed distribution of (see
also
Moslems of India, hearing, infra):
- Commission to investigate. See
Commission, infra.
- Discussions, general, 10, 12–14, 65, 106–107, 466, 472, 482–483, 484, 498, 581–587, 588, 614–616, 618–620, 622–623, 668, 669–672, 686, 688, 689, 707–709, 710, 711, 717–718, 719, 720, 726, 756–759, 759–760, 760–761, 761–763, 763–765, 765–766, 770–771
- French participation, question of, 583, 618, 619, 622–623, 708–709, 757–758, 761–762, 763–765
- Greek participation, questions concerning Smyrna
and the Dodecanese Islands, 484, 583, 584, 585–586, 586, 614, 619, 622, 622–623, 759, 765, 770
- Italian participation, question of,
482–483, 484, 581–582, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 614–616, 618–620, 622–623, 669, 671–672, 686, 707–708, 710, 711, 717–718, 719, 720, 726, 757–758; claims
under Treaty of London and St. Jean de Maurienne
agreement, 484, 670, 717–718, 719, 720, 726, 757
- U. S. participation, question of, 10, 472, 482, 581, 583, 585, 588, 614, 619, 622, 688, 711, 757–758, 759–760, 760–761, 762, 765–766, 770
- Military and naval action by Allies:
- Italian action, unauthorized, in—
- Dodecanese Islands, Italian oppression, 465, 482
- Scala Nuova and adjacent ports, and Allied
representations to Italian delegates concerning,
466, 482, 502, 571, 668–669, 686–687, 688–689, 716–721, 723, 726
- Smyrna, and dispatch by
Council of interallied expedition to assist in
occupation by Greek forces, 354, 412–413, 422, 467, 483–484, 501–505, 553–558, 570–571, 577–578, 689, 717, 718, 721–723, 733–734
- Proposed redistribution of forces of occupation
(see also
Italian action: Smyrna, supra): British troops in the Caucasus,
question of replacement by Italian troops, 4, 467, 467–468; U. S. troops, proposed
dispatch to Turkish territories, and statutory
prevention of, 466, 467–468, 482
- St. Jean de Maurienne agreement, provisions regarding
Italian claims, 484, 720
- Treaty of London, provisions regarding Italian claims,
717–718, 719, 726
- Views of—
- Clemenceau, 503, 557, 570, 577, 583, 585, 586, 614, 616, 618, 619, 622–623, 669, 686, 688, 688–689, 709, 717, 718, 719, 722, 723, 761–762
- Lloyd George, 483,
484, 503, 504, 554, 555, 556, 557, 570, 571, 578, 581–582, 582, 583, 583–584, 584, 585, 586, 588, 615, 616, 618, 619, 622–623, 668, 669, 686–687, 687, 688, 688–689, 700, 707–708, 708, 709, 710, 711, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 756–758, 760, 763–765, 770–771
- Orlando and Sonnino, 570, 571, 577, 578, 686, 687, 716, 717, 717–718, 718, 719, 720, 723, 726
- Wilson, 483, 484, 502, 503, 504, 554, 555, 556, 577, 578, 583, 584, 585, 585–586, 586, 614, 615, 616, 618, 618–619, 619, 620, 622–623, 668, 669, 688–689, 700, 701, 708–709, 709, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 758–760, 765–766
- Commission, interallied (Syrian Commission), to investigate
question of Turkish mandates, 12–14, 65, 112, 247,
466, 468, 719, 758, 760, 763, 766,
770, 808, 810, 811, 812; American section
(King-Crane Commission), 766, 812
- Moslems of India, hearing before Council of Four,
May 17, to present objections to
partition of Turkish Empire, 498, 587, 618,
682, 690–701, 707–708, 709, 711,
761
- Syria and adjoining regions (Arabia, Mesopotamia,
Palestine), Franco-British mandate and military occupation questions
resulting from conflict between French claims under Sykes-Picot
agreement and British-Arab arrangements:
- Agreements, declarations, etc., concerning:
- British agreement with King Hussein, Oct. 29, 1914, cited, 7–8
- Clemenceau, letter of assurances to Emir Feisal,
Apr. 17, 1919, 112, 115
- Franco-British declaration, Nov.
9, 1918, regarding Arab independence, cited,
3
- Sykes-Picot agreement (May 16,
1916), cited, 1–2, 6–7, 8, 764, 807, 808–809, 810
- Arabia, question of independence of, 1, 2, 3, 6–8, 115,
770
- Commission of inquiry into Turkish mandates, 12–14,
65, 112, 247, 466, 468, 719, 758, 760, 763, 766, 770, 808, 810, 811–812; American
section (King-Crane Commission), 766, 812
- Discussions, general, 1–14, 65,
112, 115, 247, 460, 466, 468, 616, 719, 758, 760–763, 764, 766, 770–771, 807–812
- Holy places, Moslem, 770–771, 808
- Mesopotamia, British claim for inclusion of Mosul, and
French attitude, 3, 5, 6,
12, 14, 760–761, 762, 763, 770, 808, 810–811
- Palestine, British claim and French attitude, 3, 4,
6, 12, 460, 760, 762, 770, 807–808
- Syria:
- Mandate to France, question of, 1–14, 115, 758, 760–761, 763, 770, 807, 808, 811–812
- Military occupation, friction between British and
French troops and French desire for British
evacuation, 2, 9–10, 10–12, 13, 460, 616, 760–761, 766, 807–811, 812
- Petroleum and railway negotiations, 763, 766, 807, 808, 809–810, 811
- Treaties and agreements concerning. See
Agreements, supra.
- Views of—
- Clemenceau and Pichon, 1–3, 3–5, 7, 8, 12–13, 112, 115, 460, 616, 760–761, 761, 762, 763, 766, 807–808, 810, 810–811, 811; note from Clemenceau
to Emir Feisal, Apr. 17,
112, 115
- Lloyd George, 3,
5–7, 7–8, 13, 14, 616, 758, 761, 762–763, 763, 764, 766, 770–771, 808–810, 811, 812
- Wilson, 8–10, 10, 12, 13, 14, 460, 766, 811, 811–812, 812
- Tyrol. See
Italy: Adriatic
claims.
- Ukraine (see also
Poland: Ukrainian-Polish
hostilities), 513
- Union of South Africa, mandate for German Southwest Africa, 127, 473, 500, 508
- United States (see also
Armies; China: Shantung; France: Guarantee; Italy: Adriatic claims; Mandates; Reparation; Russia: Allied policy; Turkish territories; Wilson):
- Control commissions in Austria, question of U. S. participation,
913
- Nonexistence of a state of war with Bulgaria or Turkey, 532n
, 588, 904
- Troops in—
- Europe: Return to United States, 526–527; status of
forces in Rhineland, May 1919, 702–703
- Russia: Archangel, 370;
Siberia, 528–529, 608, 735
- Uruguay, participation in plenary sessions concerning German peace treaty,
415, 416–417
- Versailles treaty. See
Germany: Treaty of
peace.
- War, German peace treaty provision concerning termination of state of,
41
- War costs, question of German obligation to make reparation for, 344, 346–350, 351
- Waterways. See
Ports, waterways, and railways.
- Wilson, Woodrow (President) (see
also
Views of Wilson
under
China: Shantung; Italy: Adriatic claims:
Fiume-Dalmatia; Reparation: German; Russia: Allied policy; Turkish territories: Asia
Minor; Turkish territories: Syria):
- Attitude toward—
- Admission of press to plenary meeting of May 7, 356
- Blockade of Germany, 600, 601
- Disclosure by Germany of poison-gas manufacturing
processes, 311
- Sanctity of treaties, 130,
143, 146
- Secret treaties, 93, 96, 97
- Self-determination, 9, 88, 710
- Fourteen Points, cited, 52–53, 58, 96–97, 98, 345, 691, 693,
708
- Yap, 109
- Yugoslavia. See
Jugoslavia.