Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–10, Documents on American Republics, 1969–1972

Cuba: Document List

Document 194a: Editorial Note.

Document 195: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, January 31, 1969.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger advised President Nixon that the new administration could expect correspondence from Cuban exiles. Noting the potential for embarrassment, Kissinger recommended that such correspondence be referred to the Department of State.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. 1. Confidential. Written in an unknown hand in the upper right hand corner reads, "Shown to A. Nachmanoff 2/3/69." Under the recommendation is a note in President Nixon's handwriting which reads, "I disagree. State has handled this with disgusting incompetence. The careerists are Pro Castro for the most part. Possibly Allen could handle these on a controlled discreet basis–showing at least some sympathy for their plight."

Document 196: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, February 7, 1969.

In reference to a February 6 memorandum from Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon, President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger noted that progress had been made with Cuba in dealing with the problem of aircraft hijacking. According to Kissinger, in 1961, Cuba had proposed an agreement to deal with hijacking that closely resembled the agreement that the U.S. had now proposed to Cuba. That proposal had been rejected by the United States.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. Confidential. Sent for information. Attached but not published is a February 6 memorandum from Rogers to Nixon.

Document 197: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, March 11, 1969, 2:45 p.m.

The Swiss Ambassador to Cuba, Alfred Fischli, met with Secretary of State Rogers to discuss Swiss representation of U.S. interests in Cuba.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1967–69, POL CUBA–US. Secret; Exdis. Drafted by J.F. Fitzgerald (ARA/CCA) and approved in S on March 14. In LA Staff Note 1–69, January 27, CIA concluded, "Except that it is in our hemisphere, the Cuban government is not substantially different from many Communist governments with which the U.S. has far better relations." (Central Intelligence Agency, National Intelligence Office Files, Job 79–T00968A) In a March 17 memorandum to Kissinger, which reported on the March 11 meeting between Fischli and Rogers, Vaky observed that "other recent Cuban actions reflect a more moderate attitude toward the U.S. than has been the case, and there definitely appears to be an overall pattern suggesting a bid for a détente." (National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I)

Document 198: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, April 4, 1969.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger informed President Nixon that Secretary of State Rogers had requested authorization to determine the meaning of a message from Castro, indicating a desire for détente with the United States.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. Secret; Nodis. Sent for action. A notation in the upper right corner of the memorandum reads, "OBE." An unsigned message in President Nixon's handwriting, at the bottom of the memorandum below Kissinger's recommendation, reads, "A very, very cautious probe only, which I will be." Attached but not published at Tab A is an April 3 memorandum from Rogers to Nixon. Attached to the memorandum is a typewritten note, which reads, "Back from the President. Please note that Presidential note does not seem to be completed." An attached note in Haig's handwriting reads, "Means keep me posted!"

Document 199: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, April 11, 1969, 5 p.m.

In a meeting with Under Secretary Johnson, Swiss Ambassador Felix Schnyder reported on Ambassador Fischli's discussions with Cuban officials, particularly concerning hijacking. According to Schnyder, the Cuban Government had indicated that the problem might be dealt with through informal measures, as opposed to a formal agreement.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. Secret; Nodis. Drafted by Fitzgerald. On April 16, Nachmanoff forwarded a copy of the memorandum of conversation to Kissinger, who signed an April 18 memorandum to the President summarizing it. (Ibid.)

Document 200: Memorandum Prepared for the 303 Committee, Washington, April 26, 1969.

The memorandum discussed the feasibility of covert operations against Cuba, including historical background, an overview of current operations, and a discussion of additional options for covert actions

Source: Department of State, INR/IL Historical Files, Cuba 69–70–71. Secret; Eyes Only. In an April 28 covering memorandum to Johnson, Meyer indicated that ARA and INR found the main thrust of the memorandum acceptable. Meyer recommended that Johnson endorse it. During a weekly meeting with the Department of State, April 25, CIA indicated that "Kissinger had asked the Director to study the feasibility of stepping up action programs against Cuba, with the emphasis on the covert actions, and also to discuss the use of Cuban exiles." (Ibid., Latin America General, 1969–1970)

Document 201: Memorandum From the Deputy Director for Coordination, Bureau of Intelligence and Research (Trueheart) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Meyer), Washington, May 5, 1969.

Deputy Directory Trueheart forwarded an excerpt from the minutes of the 303 Committee meeting, May 1 on the feasibility of cover operations against Cuba.

Source: Department of State, INR/IL Historical Files, 303 Committee, January–June 1969. Secret; Eyes Only.

Document 202: Abstract of Research Memorandum RSE–39 From the Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (Hughes) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, May 9, 1969.

This abstract is a summary of an Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) paper on USSR-Cuba relations, which also focused on U.S.-Cuban and U.S.-Soviet relations and possible Soviet reactions to a warming of U.S.-Cuba relations. The study concluded that the USSR would favor improved U.S.-Cuban relations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1967–69, POL CUBA–USSR. Secret.

Document 203: Paper Prepared at the Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, undated.

CIA prepared a study on the feasibility of covert economic warfare against Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, Box 207, Agency Files, CIA, Vol. I, January–December 31, 1969. Secret; Sensitive. Attached to a covering May 15, 1969 memorandum from Karamessines to Kissinger. Attached but not published is a 2-page summary titled, "Denial to Cuba of Free World Sugar Market."

Document 204: Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State (Richardson) to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, June 16, 1969.

The Department of State provided President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger with a study on possible steps toward recognition of a provisional Cuban Government in exile.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. Top Secret; Nodis. Attached but not published are the following: a June 16 memorandum outlining the possible program to develop and recognize a Provisional Government in Exile for Cuba and a list of potential Cuban exile leaders, with individual biographical information (Tab A).

Document 205: Study Prepared in Response to National Security Study Memorandum 32, Washington, July 2, 1969.

The Interdepartmental Group for Inter-American Affairs outlined three Cuba policy approaches: (1) the Castro regime's forceful elimination; (2) a continuation of the policy of isolating Cuba; or (3) a move toward constructive change through the use of incentives and disincentives.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–39, Meeting Files, Senior Review Group Meetings, NSSM 32–Cuba, 9/23/69. Secret. In the margin next to paragraph 1 on U.S. interests, Kissinger wrote, "Tactical nukes?" The study was prepared in response to a National Security Study Memorandum from Kissinger, March 21, 1969. (Ibid.)

Document 206: Memorandum From Dave McManis of the National Security Council Staff to John Howe of the National Security Council Staff, Washington, August 1, 1969.

National Security Council staff member McManis reported on Soviet submarine operations in the Caribbean, including the presence of a tender, which could support up to eight conventionally powered submarines.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. Secret; Sensitive. The word "Thanks," followed by Haig's initials, appears on the upper right corner of the page. Attached to McManis's message is an August 1 CIA memorandum, which notes that "There is no evidence to support the rumors that have circulated in recent years to the effect that there are Soviet polaris-type submarine bases in Cuba." On July 20, the National Military Command Center reported that 7 Soviet Navy ships had entered Havana Harbor. (Ibid.)

Document 207: National Intelligence Estimate, NIE 85–69, Washington, September 2, 1969.

The estimate examined the situation in Cuba, Cuban relations with the Soviet Union, and the possibility of a change in United States-Cuban relations.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, NIC Files, Job 79–R01012A. Secret; Controlled Dissem. The Central Intelligence Agency and the intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, Defense, and NSA participated in the preparation of this estimate. The Director of CIA submitted this estimate with the concurrence of the USIB with the exception of the representatives of AEC and FBI who abstained on the grounds that it was outside their jurisdiction.

Document 208: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, September 23, 1969.

National Security Council staff member Vaky reported that the Cuban Government had announced an anti-hijacking law.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. Confidential. Sent for information. A note indicates that Kissinger saw the memorandum on September 26. Attached but not published is the wire service story.

Document 209: Minutes of an NSC Review Group Meeting, Washington, September 23, 1969, 2:10–3:15 p.m.

The Review Group met to discuss NSSM 32 and U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–111, SRG Meetings Minutes, Originals [2 of 3]. Secret. The July 2 IG paper was sent to Kissinger under a July 3 covering memorandum from Meyer and is published as Document 205. The Annex mentioned in paragraph four of page three was not found.

Document 210: Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant (Cole) to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, September 25, 1969.

President's Special Assistant Cole informed President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger that President Nixon had seen a press report indicating that developments in Latin America could lead to improved U.S.-Cuban relations. Nixon instructed that the Department of State be informed: " absolutely not ."

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. I. No classification marking. Cole signed Ken above his typeset signature. Haig passed the instruction to Eliot by telephone and asked Vaky to do the same, but not to do so in writing. (Memorandum from Haig to Vaky, September 25; ibid.)

Document 211: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, November 12, 1969.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger forwarded a memorandum from Secretary of State Rogers, requesting an exchange of notes with the Cuban Government to return captured hijackers on a reciprocal basis. Kissinger recommended approval of the Secretary's recommendation.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Confidential. Sent for action. Nixon approved Kissinger's recommendation on November 13. For the full text of Tab A, see Foreign Relations, 1969–1976, volume E–1, Global Issues, 1969–1972, Document 125. Tabs B and C were attached but not published.

Document 212: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, December 22, 1969, 10:15–10:35 a.m.

In an unscheduled visit to the Office of the Coordinator for Cuban Affairs, Juanita Castro Ruz (Fidel Castro's sister) expressed concern over efforts by Cuban exile organizations to launch attacks against Cuba.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1967–69, POL 30–2 CUBA. Limited Official Use. It was drafted by Matthew D. Smith (ARA/CCA/M).

Document 213: Telegram 23858 From the Department of State to All ARA Diplomatic Posts, February 17, 1970, 1640Z.

Responding to ongoing public and official debate over the possibility of reintegrating Cuba into the Organization of American States and the hemispheric community, the Department of State ordered its diplomatic posts to reaffirm to the Foreign Ministers of each of the countries in the Western Hemisphere that no change in U.S. policy was contemplated.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL CUBA–US. Secret. It was drafted by Crimmins, Hurwitch, and Funseth; cleared by Meyer, Bowden (EUR/SOV), Gardiner (INR/DDG), Jova, Feldman, and Vaky; and approved by Johnson. It was repeated to Belgrade, Bonn, Bucharest, Budapest, London, Moscow, Paris, Prague, Rome, Sofia, USUN, and Warsaw. In intelligence brief INRB–26 from Cline to Rogers, February 5, INR analyzed increased pressure to reintegrate Cuba into the OAS. (Ibid., POL CUBA–LA)

Document 214: Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Meyer) to the Under Secretary of State (Johnson), Washington, March 23, 1970.

Assistant Secretary Meyer forwarded a memorandum requesting that the 40 Committee approve a continuation of radio broadcasts to Cuba. Meyer recommended approval of the program.

Source: Department of State, INR/IL Historical Files, 40 Committee Reports, 1970–71. Secret. Attached but not published is a March 14 memorandum for the 40 Committee, which details the radio broadcast program. According to a March 30 memorandum for the record, during its March 25 meeting, the 40 Committee unanimously approved continuation of CIA's radio broadcast capability against Cuba was unanimously approved. (Ibid.)

Document 215: Memorandum for the Record, Washington, March 25, 1970.

In a meeting that included President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger, President Nixon asked Director of Central Intelligence Helms what policy toward Cuba he would recommend. Helms advised the President to continue the policy of isolation and economic sanctions.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Files of the Executive Registry, DCIHelms, Job 80–B01285A. Secret.

Document 216: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, April 28, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Vaky reported that the Miami-based Cuban exile organization, Alpha–66, had launched an unsuccessful raid against Cuba. Vaky recommended that a meeting of the Washington Special Actions Group be convened to consider contingencies for responding to potential attacks against Guantánamo.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret. Sent for action. On May 4, Kissinger responded affirmatively to Vaky's suggestion of a WSAG meeting. Attached but not published are Tabs A, B, and C. Tab A is an April 22 memorandum and Tab B is an April 24 telegram to the White House Situation Room. Tab C is an April 22 telegram from COMNAVBASE GTMO to CINLANTFLT.

Document 217: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, April 30, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Vaky provided President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger with new intelligence, which suggested that Alpha–66 was planning another raid on Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret; Sensitive. A note on the upper right of the page, which bears Kissinger's initials, reads, "No formal action. Have discussed with Pres." Attached but not published at Tab A is an April 29 CIA Intelligence Information Cable, TDCS DB 315/02156–70. Tab B is Document 216.

Document 218: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, May 11, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Vaky reported on improved Soviet-Cuban relationships, particularly noting warm military to military relations and an increase in Soviet naval deployments to Cuba. Vaky recommended that he and President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger meet with National Security Council staff member Hal Sonnenfeldt to discuss the situation.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret. Sent for action. Kissinger initialed for approval on May 19. A copy was sent to Sonnenfeldt. A note bearing Kissinger's initials appearing on the upper right corner of the cover sheet reads, "Do memo for Pres. re Soviet strategic forces in Caribbean, May 19, 1970." In a May 20 memorandum, Vaky asked Dave Young of the NSC Staff to schedule the meeting. An unsigned note on the bottom of the memorandum reads, "Noon 5/23?" No record of the meeting has been found. (Ibid.)

Document 219: Information Memorandum Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, undated.

This Department of State memorandum, sent to President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger, reported on Soviet naval and aircraft deployments to Cuba.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL CUBA–USSR. Secret. Sent to Kissinger on May 15, 1970 under cover of a memorandum from Eliot to Kissinger. (Ibid.)

Document 220: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, May 18, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Vaky forwarded to President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger a revised memorandum to President Nixon on Cuban exile activities, requesting that authorization to discourage exiles from taking actions that might be counter-productive to U.S. interests.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret; Sensitive. The memoranda are uninitialed copies and there is no indication they were sent. Tabs A and B are attached but not published. In a May 25 memorandum to Kissinger, Vaky noted that Treasury had been investigating the activities of Alpha–66 since July 1969. A handwritten note by Haig, June 3, at the bottom of the memorandum reads, "Pete–Let's take it easy–this will evoke strong Pres. reaction. Pete, please call me. Al." (Ibid.) A Department of State official met with Cuban exiles, May 15, to discourage them from taking actions against Cuba. (Memorandum of conversation, May 15; Ibid., RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 30–2 CUBA) In a July 10 memorandum to Mitchell, Helms stated, "I had the distinct impression from the President one day a couple of months ago that he rather favors some anti-Castro activity by this ALPHA 66 group." (Central Intelligence Agency, Executive Registry, Job 80–B01285A)

Document 221: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, May 28, 1970.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger recommended that President Nixon approve a recommendation by Secretary of State Rogers to enter into an agreement with Cuba for the reciprocal return of hijackers.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret. Sent for action. President Nixon initialed his approval on June 11. On June 12, Kissinger informed Rogers of the President's authorization. Tabs A through C are attached but not published. Tab A is a May 15 memorandum from Rogers to the President. Tab B is an undated proposed memorandum of understanding between the United States and Cuba. And Tab C is a November 12, 1969 memorandum from Kissinger to Nixon containing a Presidential authorization to send the note. (Ibid.)

Document 222: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, June 17, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Vaky summarized the key points of a CIA memorandum on Cuban-Soviet relations and the establishment of a naval facility at Cienfuegos.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret. A note on the document indicates Kissinger saw it. Attached but not published is a June 3 CIA intelligence memorandum, OCI 1367–70. (Ibid.)

Document 223: Memorandum From the Office of the Legal Adviser of the Department of State, to the Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs (Hurwitch), Washington, August 14, 1970.

The Assistant Legal Adviser reported that Cuban exile leader José Elías de la Torriente was planning to recruit Cuban exiles for military action against Cuba and recommended that the Department warn de la Torriente that such activities might violate U.S. criminal laws.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 30–2 CUBA. Confidential. Forwarded by Assistant Secretary Hurwitch to ARA/CCA on August 14. According to an August 31 memorandum of conversation, Matthew D. Smith and Ronald D. Godard of the ARA/CCA Miami Office met with de la Torriente to reiterate the U.S. Government position on violation of U.S. neutrality law. (Ibid.) In a September 17 memorandum to Kissinger, Viron P. Vaky reported that Alpha 66 had unsuccessfully attempted to infiltrate Cuba, resulting in the capture of five Cuban exiles. (Ibid., Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. I, Cienfuegos)

Document 224: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, September 18, 1970.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger reported on aerial reconnaissance of Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. I (Cienfuegos). Top Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. Nixon wrote on the third page: "I want a report on a crash basis on (1) what CIA can do to support any kind of action which will irritate Castro (2) what actions we can take which we have not yet taken to boycott nations dealing with Castro (3) most important what actions we can take covert or overt to put missiles in Turkey—or a sub base in the Black Sea—anything which will give us some trading stock." Attached but not published at Tab A is a note from the Soviet Embassy, given to Kissinger during his August 4 meeting with Vorontsov. (Ibid.)

Document 225: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, September 22, 1970.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger provided President Nixon with an overview of the significance of Soviet naval facilities at Cienfuegos, and a list of policy options, in anticipation of a September 23 NSC meeting.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–29, NSC Meeting, Jordan, September 23, 1970. Top Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. The memorandum is a "non-log" item and was not initialed by Kissinger.

Document 226: Minutes of a Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, September 23, 1970, 9:30 a.m.

The National Security Council met to discuss the evidence and consequences of a Soviet submarine base at Cienfuegos.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–109, NSC Meeting Minutes, Originals, September 23, 1970. Top Secret; Sensitive. Tab A was not attached. The conversation is also published in Foreign Relations, 1969–1976, volume XII, Soviet Union, January 1969–October 1970, Document 214.

Document 227: Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 24, 1970.

The Senior Review Group discussed contingency press guidance for use if information regarding the submarine base at Cienfuegos became public.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. II, Cienfuegos. Top Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. In a September 25 memorandum to Rogers, Laird, Helms, and Moore, Kissinger provided press guidance and reported that the President mandated "rigid adherence" to such guidance, with "no backgrounding, comment, or speculation of any kind on this subject by U.S. spokesmen and officials." (Ibid.)

Document 228: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, October 5, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Vaky noted reports that the Cuban Government was preoccupied with exile incursions and speculated about the relationship between exile activities and the establishment of a Soviet submarine base at Cienfuegos.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. I, Cienfuegos. Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. Sent for information and designated "non-log." Attached but not published are Tabs A and B. Tab A is a September 16 telegram from the Canadian Embassy in Havana. Tab B is a September 24 CIA intelligence memorandum, titled, "Cuban Exiles in Central America and the Caribbean." In an October 5 memorandum to Haig, Vaky reported on a Cuban exile plot to assassinate Cuban officials at the United Nations, noting "My view is that it would not help our general capacity to fine-tune and control things to have an assassination like this take place in New York, and that therefore any such plan should be cut off." (Ibid.)

Document 229: Editorial Note.

Document 230: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, October 14, 1970.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger's account of multiple discussions with Soviet Ambassador Dobrynin, including discussion of the submarine base at Cienfuegos during meetings on September 25, October 6, and October 9.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. I, Cienfuegos. Top Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. Attachments A through D are attached but not published. (Ibid.)

Document 231: Memorandum From the Secretary of Defense (Laird) to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, October 16, 1970.

Secretary of Defense Laird provided President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger with an update on Soviet naval activities in Cienfuegos and Mariel, Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. I, Cienfuegos. Top Secret. Attached was a October 16 memorandum from the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, which detailed Soviet naval activity in the area of Cienfuegos. (Ibid.) In a October 29 memorandum to Kissinger, Richard T. Kennedy indicated that "recent photography had indicated a reduction in construction activity and departure of several Soviet naval vessels" from Cienfuegos. (Ibid.) A November 4 CIA intelligence cable, TDCS 314/11498–70, confirmed that construction of Soviet naval facilities at Cienfuegos had ceased. (Ibid.)

Document 232: Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, November 6, 1970.

Citing evidence that an elite power struggle was occurring, which threatened Castro's hold on power in Cuba, National Security Council staff member Vaky suggested replacing NSSM 32 with a new study of Cuba, more in tune with U.S. policy prerogatives.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Confidential. Sent for action. A copy was sent to Colonel Kennedy. Kissinger did not initial approval or disapproval. The attachments at Tab A have not been found. An undated, handwritten note from Haig to Nachmanoff, in the upper right of the cover page, reads, "Arnie—HAK says hold for present."

Document 233: Memorandum From Arnold Nachamanoff of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, November 25, 1970.

National Security Council staff member Nachmanoff forwarded a draft telegram on U.S. policy regarding Cuban exile actions against Cuba for President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger's approval.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 780, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. II, 1970. Secret; Limdis. Sent for action. A handwritten notation indicates that it was sent to Kissinger via Haig. Kissinger approved on November 30, but instructed: "Hold for four days to see where tender is going." The telegram was sent as 206687 to Guatemala City, Managua, and San José, December 21. (Ibid., RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 30–2 CUBA)

Document 234: Memorandum For the Record, Washington, January 15, 1971, 11 a.m.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Henry Kissinger discussed Soviet naval activities in Cuba with the Navy Commanders-in-Chief.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 253, Agency Files, Navy, 1969–71. Top Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. The meeting took place in the Roosevelt Room at the White House. In a memorandum to Rogers, Laird, and Helms, President Nixon instructed that there be no further discussion of the understanding with the Soviet Union concerning submarine bases in Cuba. (Ibid., Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. II, Cienfuegos) Nixon statement of January 4 is in Public Papers: Nixon , 1971, pp. 17–18.

Document 235: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, March 2, 1971.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger reported on the status of the Cuban fishing boat case.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. Confidential. Sent for information. Although not initialed by Kissinger, an attached NSC routing sheet indicates that this memorandum was sent to the President on March 8.

Document 236: Action Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter American Affairs (Meyer) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, April 5, 1971.

Noting that some OAS members were considering lifting or modifying sanctions against Cuba, Assistant Secretary Meyer recommended that the U.S. maintain a position against any changes in the OAS's stance on Cuba and the active discouragement of any reconsideration of OAS policy toward Cuba.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 24 CUBA. Secret. Drafted on April 1 by Richard A. Poole (USOAS); cleared by Jova; and the recommended actions were approved by Rogers. In telegram 066661 to San José, April 20, the Department reported that Castro had unilaterally rejected normalization of relations with the U.S. and a return to the OAS. (Ibid., POL CUBA–US)

Document 237: Special National Intelligence Estimate 85–71, Washington, April 29, 1971.

The estimate assessed the situation in Cuba, Cuban relations with the Soviet Union, Cuban efforts to improve relations with Latin America, and United States-Cuban relations.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, NIC Files, Job 79–R01012A. Secret. The annexes are not published.

Document 238: Memorandum From Tom Latimer of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, May 28, 1971.

A U–2 overflight of Cuba revealed that a nuclear powered cruise missile submarine had tied up to a Soviet tender, in Antilla, Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. II, Cienfuegos. Secret.

Document 239: Memorandum From Helmut Sonnenfeldt of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, May 28, 1971.

National Security Council staff member Sonnenfeldt provided analysis on the issue of the Soviet nuclear powered cruise missile submarine, which was moored to a tender in Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. II, Cienfuegos. Secret; Sensitive. Sent for information. In a May 29 memorandum to Haig, Jon Howe stated, "Unless we are willing to go to the mat to force Soviet withdrawal of the ship, it may be better to take the Soviet move in stride publicly and play it in low key." (Ibid., Box 781, Country Files, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971)

Document 240: Paper Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, July 13, 1971.

At the request of the White House, the Department of State outlined U.S. policy toward Cuban exile groups in the U.S. involved in actions against Cuba.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 12 CUBA. Confidential. Cleared on July 13 by Hurwitch. This paper is attached to a July 13 memorandum for the record by Curran, which indicates it was sent at the request of Colonel Kennedy. The memorandum to which this paper is attached is not published.

Document 241: Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter American Affairs (Meyer) to Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Johnson), Washington, August 13, 1971.

Assistant Secretary Meyer requested Under Secretary Johnson's endorsement on a 40 Committee decision to continue radio broadcasts to Cuba.

Source: Department of State, INR/IL Historical Files, Cuba 69–70–71. Secret; Eyes Only. Sent through Wymberley Coerr (INR/DDC). Drafted by Gardner. A handwritten note in the upper right of the first page reads, "Telephonically approved 3 Apr 72." Attached but not published is the May 24 memorandum for the 40 Committee, titled, "Radio Programming Targeted at Cuban Youth and Its Potential for Attracting Selected Youth Audiences Elsewhere in Latin America."

Document 242: Intelligence Memorandum, OCI No. 1730/71, Washington, September 1, 1971.

The intelligence community provided a joint assessment of Cuban subversion in Latin America.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Current Intelligence, Job 79–T00831A. Secret; No Foreign Dissem; No Dissem Abroad; Background Use Only. The Central Intelligence Agency and the intelligence organizations of the Departments of State and Defense participated in the preparation of this assessment. The annexes are not published.

Document 243: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, September 2, 1971.

President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger reported that the Cuban Government had announced its intention to unilaterally terminate the Cuban refugee airlift, which had been in place since December 1965.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. Secret. Sent for information. Attached but not published at Tab A is an August 27 memorandum from Rogers to the President. An attached NSC routing slip indicates that the President saw the memorandum on September 8.

Document 244: Abstract of Research Study Produced in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, October 1, 1971.

The study analyzed problems being faced by Castro and the implications for U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 799, Country Files, Latin America, General, Volume VI, July 1971–1974. Confidential; No Foreign Dissem. It was prepared on September 28 by INR/American Republics Analyst Donald F. Herr and approved by Summ.

Document 245: Memorandum From Ashley Hewitt of the National Security Staff to the President's Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Haig), Washington, October 14, 1971, 2132 EST.

National Security Council staff member Hewitt forwarded a Department of State report on an August 12 Cuban exile attack the fishing village of Boca de Sana in Cuba. The Department of State recommended an investigation into the incident and requested authorization to remind Cuban exiles that the U.S. Government would enforce its neutrality laws.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. No classification marking. Attached but not published is the October 14 Department of State memorandum to Kissinger. (Ibid.)

Document 246: Intelligence Note Prepared in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, RARN–34, Washington, November 8, 1971.

The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) analyzed the reasons for a Cuban violation of U.S. travel controls and a visit to the island by Kosygin.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL CUBA–US. Confidential; No Foreign Dissem. Drafted by Herr and cleared by Summ. RARS–7, "Cuba: Difficult Choices for Castro," is published as Document 244. In an October 26 memorandum, Nachmanoff reported to Haig that a Cuban commercial airplane had landed in New Orleans without permission, in violation of FAA regulations and U.S. travel restrictions. (Ibid., Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971) In an October 19 intelligence memorandum, CIA speculated that the reason behind Kosygin's visit to Cuba was to highlight the Soviet Union's commitment to Cuba. (Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Current Intelligence, Job 79–T00831A)

Document 247: Conversation Between President Nixon and the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, December 9, 1971, 9:13–10:04 a.m.

During a discussion with President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger on Latin American efforts to reintegrate Cuba into the OAS, President Nixon asserted that he would not change U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Tapes, Conversation No. 633–4, Oval Office. No classification marking. The discussion transcribed here is part of a larger conversation from 9:13–10:04 a.m. The editors transcribed the portions of the tape recording printed here specifically for this volume.

Document 248: Memorandum From Arnold Nachmanoff of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, December 15, 1971.

National Security Council staff member Nachamanoff informed President's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger that a Panamanian-flagged vessel, the Johnny Express was being pursued by a Cuban naval vessel.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. Confidential. Sent for information. A handwritten note at the top of the memorandum reads, "HAK has seen."

Document 249: Memorandum From Ashley Hewitt of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Haig), Washington, December 16, 1971.

National Security Council staff member Hewitt raised the issue of rules of engagement in dealing with Cuban ship seizures in international waters.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. Confidential. Sent for information. Haig underlined the words "if we could look at them once they are drafted" are and wrote: "Agree!" In Telegram 5892 to CINCLANT, December 17, JCS told CINCLANT to prepare plans to protect U.S. citizens and freedom of the seas. (Ibid.)

Document 250: Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Nutter) to Secretary of Defense Laird, Washington, undated.

Assistant Secretary of Defense Nutter discussed contingency plans to protect U.S. citizens and freedom of navigation against Cuban hostile actions and actions already taken in response to the seizure of the Johnny Express .

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. Top Secret. It was sent to Kissinger under cover of a December 18 memorandum from Laird. The enclosures are not published.

Document 251: Contingency Plan Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, December 19, 1971.

The Department of State, in consultation with other agencies, prepared a contingency plan for safeguarding freedom of navigation in the Caribbean for third country vessels.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. III, 1971. Top Secret. It was sent to the President under a covering memorandum from Kissinger, which summarized the paper and asked for Kissinger's approval on behalf of the President.

Document 252: Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to Secretary of State Rogers, Secretary of Defense Laird, Secretary of Transportation Volpe, and the Director of Central Intelligence Helms, Washington, December 23, 1971.

President Nixon approved the contingency plan submitted by the Department of State Inter-Departmental Group for Inter-American Affairs (IG/ARA) with modifications.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Executive Registry, Subject Files, Job 80–B01086A. Top Secret. Copies sent to the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Attorney General. The contingency plan is Document 251.

Document 253: Study Prepared in the Departments of State and Defense, Washington, undated.

Study on the feasibility of escorting vessels potentially threatened by Cuban attack.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Top Secret. It was sent to Kissinger under a covering January 10, 1972 memorandum from Eliot. In a February 8 memorandum to the Secretaries of State and Defense, Kissinger indicated that President Nixon had approved the January 10 study's recommendations and had directed "that no substantial change in the nature of the current mission designed to prevent or forestall further attempted seizures by Cuba, nor any major alteration in the level of forces devoted to this mission, be made without his specific authorization." (Ibid.)

Document 254: Memorandum From Ashley Hewitt of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, January 18, 1972.

National Security Council member Hewitt summarized a report on the evolution of relations between Panama and Cuba that was prepared by the CIA.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Secret. Sent for information. Haig initialed the memorandum. Attached but not published at Tab A is a January 13 CIA Intelligence Memorandum. (Ibid.)

Document 255: Editorial Note.

Document 256: Study Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, March 13, 1972.

The Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs at the Department of State prepared a study on Soviet Naval Deployments to the Caribbean.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–189, National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM), NSSM 144. Top Secret. It was sent under a covering March 13 memorandum from Ronald I. Spiers, in his capacity as Chairman of the NSC/IPMG, to Kissinger in response to NSSM 144, January 14. (Ibid.)

Document 257: Study Prepared in the Department of State, Washington, March 16, 1972.

The Department of State prepared a study on the legal position of the United States in the event that the U.S. Armed Forces should take action to protect third-country ships from Cuban attack.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Top Secret. Sent under a covering March 16 memorandum from Eliot to Kissinger. Attached at Tab A but not published is Telegram 8394, February 10, from the JCS to RUCBSAA/CINCLANT, describing the Special Rules of Engagement. Tab B, the contingency plan approved by President Nixon, is published as Document 252.

Document 258: Memorandum From the President's Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Haig) to President Nixon, Washington, March 31, 1972.

President's Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs Haig reported that the captain of the Johnny Express was still being held in Havana.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Confidential. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it. At the bottom of the memorandum, the President wrote: "Pass to Rebozo." A notation in Haig's handwriting reads, "Done by Haig April 5."

Document 259: Information Memorandum From Joseph B. Norbury of the Office of the Coordinator for Cuban Affairs to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs (Crimmins), Washington, April 21, 1972.

Deputy Assistant Secretary Crimmins reported on the Department of State's plans should a Cubana de Aviación, flight overfly U.S. territory en route to Canada.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 31–1 CUBA–US. Secret. Drafted by James S. Landberg (ARA/CCA). At the top of the first page, Crimmins wrote: "OK," his initials, and the date, April 21. A note also initialed by Crimmins appears on the second page next to paragraph (6) (d), and reads, "To be decided at the time." Attached to the memorandum is a copy of telegram 68905 to Ottawa, April 20, in which the Department alerted the Embassy to the possibility and instructed it to ask Canadian authorities about the flight (Ibid.)

Document 260: Paper Prepared in the National Security Council, Washington, May 19, 1972.

The National Security Council staff prepared a chronology of March–May Soviet naval deployments to Cuba.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 782, Country Files, Latin America, Soviet Naval Activity in Cuban Waters, Vol. I, Cienfuegos. Top Secret; Sensitive.

Document 261: Memorandum From William J. Jorden of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, July 12, 1972.

National Security Council staff member Jorden reported on information that the Cuban Ambassador to France had expressed interest in meeting with the American Consul General in Lyon.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Confidential. Sent for information. Kissinger initialed the memorandum. The referenced telegram was not attached.

Document 262: Memorandum From William J. Jorden of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, August 22, 1972.

National Security Council staff member Jorden reported on a proposal by the Cuban Government to release the ships and crewmen involved in the Johnny Express incident of December 1971.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Secret; Sensitive. Sent for action. The approval line was not marked.

Document 263: Memorandum From the Secretary of Defense Laird to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, September 22, 1972.

Secretary of Defense Laird indicated that he believed the U.S. Government should protest the use of Soviet TU–95 Bear Delta aircraft, flying out of Cuba, to conduct reconnaissance along the east coast of the United States.

Source: Washington National Records Center, OSD Files: FRC 330–77A–0099, Cuba 1972. Confidential.

Document 264: Memorandum From William J. Jorden of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, October 14, 1972.

National Security Council member Jorden reported on the status of José Villa, captain of the Johnny Express, who had been held in jail in Cuba since December 1971 and whose family received a promise from the President that the U.S. Government would do all it could to secure his release.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 781, Country Files, Latin America, Cuba, Vol. IV, 1972. Secret; Sensitive. Sent for action; Outside the System. Under option 5, Kissinger wrote, "Bill do memo from me to Haldeman. Emphasize what we've done and how they state objections. Ask about Rebozo." Attached but not published at Tab A is the September 25 letter to President Nixon from Isabel Villa, Isabel Cristina Villa, Mary Pily Villa, and José Antonio Villa. In a November 1 memorandum to Haig, Jorden reported that he had traveled to Miami to meet with José Villa's wife, whom he told that "we were hopeful we could get her husband released from Cuba in the not-too-distant future, but of course could make no promises." (Ibid.)

Document 265: Telegram 221538 From the Department of State to the Mission to the United Nations, December 7, 1972, 1814Z.

The Department of State responded to press speculation that United States-Cuban hijacking negotiations might indicate a change in U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL CUBA–US. Unclassified. It was drafted by Philip K. Johnson (ARA/CCA); cleared in ARA/CCA and IO/UNP; and approved by Hurwitch.

Document 266: Paper Prepared in the Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, undated.

CIA provided talking points regarding Cuban exile capabilities.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, ODCI Files, Job 80–R01731R. Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. Sent to Helms under a December 11, 1972 memorandum from the Deputy Director for Plans to the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, Theodore G. Shackley.