Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–3, Documents on Global Issues, 1973–1976

Documents on Global Issues, 1973–1976: Document List

Document 1: Report Prepared by the Interagency Law of the Sea Task Force, undated.

The memorandum reported on Law of the Sea discussions at the 1972 UN General Assembly and presented a negotiating plan for the U.S. delegation to the 1973 UN Seabed Committee meeting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 77 D 302, July/August 1973 Preparatory Meeting. Confidential. This report was found attached to a March 16, 1973 memorandum from Kissinger to Richardson, Dent, Morton, and Rogers indicating that the document comprised the response to NSDM 196. NSDM 196 is published in Foreign Relations, 1969–1976, volume E–1, Documents on Global Issues 1969–72, Document 443.

Document 2: Memorandum From the Acting Chairman of the Law of the Sea Task Force (Brower) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, June 1, 1973.

Brower forwarded a report on the March–April meeting of the UN Seabed Committee and summarized for Kissinger the recommended negotiating positions for the July–August Law of the Sea Conference preparatory meeting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 33–8. Secret. Drafted by Camitta; cleared in L, L/OA, S/FW–COA, IO/UNP, SCI/EN, and at the National Science Foundation, the Council for Environmental Quality, and the Departments of Defense, Commerce, Transportation, Interior, and Treasury. Attachment 1, undated and unsigned, is not published. Nixon’s May 23, 1970 Statement About United States Oceans Policy is published in Public Papers: Nixon, 1970, pp. 454–456.

Document 3: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–109 From the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Rush) to President Nixon, Washington, July 11, 1973.

The Under Secretaries Committee recommended approval of instructions for the July–August Law of the Sea preparatory conference, with the proviso that concerns about economic issues raised by the Department of the Treasury required further review.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–241, NSDM 225, LOS Preparatory Conference. Secret.

Document 4: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, undated.

Kissinger recommended approval of the U.S. delegation’s instructions for the July–August 1973 Law of the Sea preparatory conference and forwarded a summary of the delegation’s proposed positions.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–241, NSDM 225, LOS Preparatory Conference. Secret. Sent for action. Clift forwarded the memorandum and its attachments to Kissinger under a covering memorandum of July 12. Tab 1 is published as Document 5. Tab 2 is published as Document 3. Kissinger initialed approval for Nixon.

Document 5: National Security Decision Memorandum 225, Washington, July 16, 1973.

Kissinger approved the recommended instructions for the U.S. delegation to the July–August Law of the Sea preparatory conference.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–241, NSDM 225, LOS Preparatory Conference. Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs. The USC Chairman’s memorandum is published as Document 3. A summary of the recommended instructions is published as Document 2.

Document 6: Airgram A–7576 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, Washington, September 4, 1973.

Acting Secretary Rush forwarded the final report of the U.S. Delegation to the July/August 1973 Seabed Committee Session, which also acted as a preparatory conference for the UNCLOS III.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–1973, POL 33–8, 9–17–73. Confidential. Drafted by Leitzell; cleared by Stevenson, S/FW–COA, L/OA, JCS, Defense, Interior, NOAA, NSF, CEQ, Treasury, and the Coast Guard; and approved by Moore. A copy was sent to Hong Kong.

Document 7: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–109A From the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Rush) to President Nixon, Washington, November 1, 1973.

Rush transmitted for consideration the proposed instructions for the U.S. delegation to the organizational session of UNCLOS III.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–243, NSDM 240, 2 of 2. Confidential. NSDM 225 is published as Document 5. The report of the July/August Session of the UN Seabed Committee is published as Document 6.

Document 8: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, November 30, 1973.

Kissinger summarized the U.S. delegation’s instructions for the upcoming organizational session of UNCLOS III and recommended Nixon’s approval.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–243, NSDM 240, 2 of 2. Confidential. Sent for action. Nixon initialed his approval. NSDM 225 is published as Document 5. Tab A, as signed, is published as Document 9. Tab B is published as Document 7.

Document 9: National Security Decision Memorandum 240, Washington, December 3, 1973.

Kissinger transmitted the approval of instructions for the guidance of the U.S. delegation to the organizational session of UNCLOS III, with a proviso to avoid procedures allowing premature substantive voting.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 364, Subject Files, NSDM , Nos. 145–264 (1972–1974). Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs. The Under Secretaries Committee Chairman’s memorandum of November 11 is published as Document 7. NSDM 225 is published as Document 5.

Document 10: Report of the U.S. Delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Organizational Session, New York, December 3–15, 1973.

The report summarized the negotiations at the UNCLOS III Organizational Session and assessed the results with regard to U.S. interests.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740084–2149. No classification marking. Stevenson forwarded the report to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger under a covering memorandum of March 14, 1974.

Document 11: Analytical Study OPR–3 Prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, April 1974.

The CIA study examined important issues and interests likely to arise in the course of UNCLOS III negotiations.

Source: Washington National Records Center, OSD Files: FRC 330–78–0011, 801.2 (April–December 1974). Confidential. A note on the study dated April 9 indicates that Schlesinger saw it. Colby forwarded the study to Schlesinger under a covering memorandum, April 15, which began, "Here is a paper that manages, in relatively short compass, to put the complicated and controversial Law of the Sea question into a useful analytical framework." The Office of Political Research, Directorate of Intelligence drafted the study, according to Colby’s memorandum.

Document 12: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–109B From the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Rush) to President Nixon, Washington, May 14, 1974.

Rush transmitted for Nixon’s consideration documents concerning the first (Caracas) session of UNCLOS III.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–243, NSDM 240, Recommended Instructions to UNCLOS III. Secret. The full (122 page) report and the two Comments sections are not published. The July 11, 1973 memorandum from Rush to Nixon is published as Document 3. NSDM 225 is published as Document 5. NSDM 240 is published as Document 9. The following NSDMs are published in Foreign Relations, 1969–76, volume E–1, Documents on Global Issues 1969–72, Documents 375, 405, 424, and 434. The memorandum summarizing the report of June 20, 1972 is published as Document 433. Nixon’s May 23, 1970 Statement About United States Oceans Policy is in Public Papers: Nixon, 1970, pp. 454–456. A summary of the Draft UN Convention on the International Seabed Area and accompanying statements by U.S. officials are published in Department of State Bulletin, August 24, 1970, pp. 209–218. The "1958 model" refers to the four separate conventions which resulted from the First United Nations Conference of the Law of the Sea, held in Geneva during 1958: the Convention on the High Seas, the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, the Convention on the Continental Shelf, and the Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources on the High Seas.

Document 13: Minutes of the Acting Secretary of State’s Analytical Staff Meeting, Washington, June 17, 1974, 3–4 p.m.

Department principals discussed issues relating to the UNCLOS III negotiations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Transcripts of Secretary of State Kissinger’s Staff Meetings, 1973–1977, Entry 5177, Box 3, Acting Secretary’s Analytical Staff Meeting, June 17, 1974. Secret. Israel asserted that the Straits of Tiran should be treated as an international strait, open to seagoing and airborne passage by vessels of all countries. Egypt and Saudi Arabia both claimed islands at the entrance to the strait and the surrounding waters as territorial sea, and neither recognized Israel’s claim to the right of innocent passage. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan were not signatories to the 1958 Convention on the High Seas or the 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. Israel was a party to both those agreements.

Document 14: National Security Decision Memorandum 260, Washington, June 24, 1974.

Nixon approved instructions for the U.S. delegation to the first substantive session of UNCLOS III (Caracas), subject to additional guidance on several issues.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 364, Subject Files, NSDM (1971–1974), Nos. 145–264 (1972–1974) [1 of 2]. Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Counselor to the President for Economic Policy. The May 14 recommended instructions are published as Document 12. NSDM 240 is published as Document 9. Haig forwarded the NSDM to Nixon under a memorandum, June 22, which read as follows, "Attached is a far-reaching and somewhat controversial NSDM containing instructions for the Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference. Because of its importance, I believe you will want to read it carefully. Although Ash and your economic advisers clearly differ with Henry [Kissinger] on a number of details, I believe the Under Secretaries/NSC position is sufficiently protective to warrant your approval of the NSDM as written." Nixon wrote in the margin, "I go along with K [Kissinger] but be sure Ash knows his views are to be strongly presented to our negotiators [illegible] stiffen them where necessary and to go to them where we can."

Document 15: Memorandum of Conversation, Magdalena de Kino, Mexico, October 21, 1974, noon–2:30 p.m.

Ford and Echeverría discussed Law of the Sea matters, with particular emphasis on the patrimonial sea concept.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 6, October 21, 1974–Ford, Kissinger, Mexican President Luis Echeverría. Secret; Exdis. An attached November 2 covering memorandum from Springsteen to Scowcroft indicates the location of the meeting. On October 21 Ford and Echeverría held a series of meetings at sites on both sides of the U.S.-Mexican border to discuss a variety of bilateral issues, see Department of State Bulletin, November 18, 1974, pp. 661–667.

Document 16: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–109D From the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Ingersoll) to President Ford, Washington, February 6, 1975.

Ingersoll transmitted the report of the delegation to the June 20–August 29, 1974 (Caracas) UNCLOS III session.

Source: Department of State, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 79 D 163, LOS Conference General 1975, Undated–February 11, 1975. Confidential. Only the summary of the 29-page report is published. NSDM 260 is published as Document 14.

Document 17: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Ford, Washington, March 14, 1975.

Kissinger summarized for the President multiple documents concerning instructions for the U.S. delegation to the 1975 (Geneva) UNCLOS III session and submitted his recommendations.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, NSC Europe, Canada, and Ocean Affairs Staff, Box 54, General Subject File, Ocean Policy, 1975 (3). Secret. Sent for action. Ford initialed his approval. Tab A is published as Document 18. Attached but not published are Ingersoll’s March 4 memorandum (Tab B) and its attachments (Tabs A and C). NSDM 260 is published as Document 14.

Document 18: National Security Decision Memorandum 288, Washington, March 24, 1975.

Kissinger sent the approved instructions for the U.S. delegation to the 1975 (Geneva) session of UNCLOS III to the relevant Cabinet officers and officials.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, National Security Decision and Study Memoranda, Box 1, NSDM 288. Secret. Scowcroft signed for Kissinger. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Document 17 summarizes the referenced negotiating instructions, the agency comments and Ingersoll’s memorandum.

Document 19: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Ford, Washington, July 8, 1975.

Kissinger informed Ford of the principal developments during the March 17–May 19, 1975 (Geneva) UNCLOS III negotiations and summarized outstanding problems and issues.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, NSC Europe, Canada, and Ocean Affairs Staff, Box 55, General Subject File, Ocean Policy, 1975 (9). Secret. Sent for information. Ford initialed the memorandum. Attached but not published at Tab A is Ingersoll’s June 2 memorandum forwarding the U.S. delegation’s summary report to the President. For Tab B, which is attached but not published, see UN Document A/CONF.62.WP.8/ Parts 1–III. NSDM 288 is published as Document 18.

Document 20: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, October 7, 1975, 8:05–9:20 a.m.

Ford and selected members of his Cabinet met with Republican Congressional leaders to discuss potential 200-mile fisheries legislation.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 15, October 7, 1975–Ford, Kissinger, Republican Congressional Leaders. Top Secret. Attached but not published is the additional list of 25 Republican Congressional leaders. See Document 15 for negotiations with Mexico regarding territorial waters.

Document 21: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, October 7, 1975, 9:40–10:18 a.m.

Ford, Kissinger, and Scowcroft discussed the meeting earlier that day with Congressional Republican leaders concerning potential 200-mile fisheries legislation.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 15, October 7, 1975–Ford, Kissinger. Secret; Nodis.

Document 22: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, October 7, 1975, 10:30 a.m.

Ford and Scowcroft met with a Congressional delegation regarding potential 200-mile fisheries legislation.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 15, October 7, 1975–Ford, Congressional Group on Fisheries. Confidential. All brackets are in the original.

Document 23: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, November 19, 1975, 11:45 a.m.–12:15 p.m.

Ford and selected advisers met with a Congressional delegation regarding impending 200-mile fisheries legislation.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 16, November 19, 1975–Ford, Congressional 200-Mile Limit Group. Secret. The referenced charts were not found. Ford’s statement regarding remarks made in Oregon apparently refers to his August 30 speech about the 200 mile limit, which was actually given in Portland, Maine. (Public Papers: Ford, 1975, pp. 1253–1258),. Kissinger’s Montreal statement is in Department of State Bulletin, September 18, 1975, pp. 353–362.

Document 24: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, March 1, 1976.

Scowcroft summarized the proposed instructions to guide the U.S. delegation to the March–May 1976 (New York) UNCLOS III session and recommended approval.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 33, IF/NS File for the President, 7600948—Instructions for Law of the Sea. Secret. Ford initialed his approval. NSDM 260 is published as Document 14. NSDM 288 is published as Document 18. Tab A is published as Document 25. Tabs B and C are published with this document.

Document 25: National Security Decision Memorandum 320, Washington, March 4, 1976.

Ford approved instructions for the U.S. delegation to the March–May 1976 (New York) session of UNCLOS III.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, National Security Decision and Study Memoranda, Box 1, NSDM 320. Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. . NSDM 260 is published as Document 14. NSDM 288 is published as Document 18.

Document 26: Memorandum From Secretary of State Kissinger to President Ford, Washington, April 6, 1976.

Kissinger explained the reasons why he believed Ford should veto a bill extending U.S. fisheries jurisdiction to 200 miles.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760050–1559. Confidential. The draft veto statement has not been published.

Document 27: Telegram 85109 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, April 8, 1976, 2040Z.

The telegram summarized the contents of a speech delivered by Kissinger concerning Law of the Sea negotiations, requested posts to communicate with host governments about the issue, and issued additional guidance for selected posts.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use; Immediate. Drafted and approved in S/P by Veliotes; and cleared in D/LOS , EUR/RPE, AF/I, EA/J, NEA/RA, EUR/WE, and ARA/LA/PLC. Kissinger’s speech is published in Department of State Bulletin, April 26, 1976, pp. 533–542.

Document 28: Memorandum From Denis Clift of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, April 9, 1976.

Clift outlined the arguments for and against vetoing 200-mile fisheries legislation placed before Ford for signature.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, NSC Europe, Canada, and Ocean Affairs Staff, Box 57, General Subject Files, Ocean Policy, 1976 (10). Confidential. Sent for action. Scowcroft initialed the memorandum. Tab A was not found. On April 13, President Ford signed the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, which provided that as of March 1, 1977, Congressionally-approved agreements with other governments were required for foreign vessels to fish within a 200 mile zone established by the Act. In addition to signing the Act, Ford simultaneously issued a statement of concern, published in Public Papers: Ford, 1976, pp. 1118–1121.

Document 29: Telegram 1508 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, April 12, 1976, 1936Z.

The Mission reported reactions to Kissinger’s April 8 speech concerning UNCLOS III negotiations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Immediate. Sent for information to the embassies in London, Paris, Tokyo, Moscow, Nairobi, Ottawa, Cairo, Bonn, Jakarta, Brasilia, Lima, Vienna, Singapore, Dar Es Salaam, Madrid, Jidda, Santiago, and Mexico City. For Kissinger’s speech, see the source note for Document 27.

Document 30: CIA Working Paper on Law of the Sea Negotiations, Washington, June 1976.

The Working Paper summarized the accomplishments of previous UNCLOS III negotiations and assessed the prospects for the August–September 1976 (New York) session.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency Files, Job 92T00480R, Office of Current Intelligence Files (OPI 16), ER M 76–10461. Confidential; Noforn.

Document 31: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, June 14, 1976.

Scowcroft summarized a report on the March 15–May 7 (New York) UNCLOS III negotiating session.

Source: Ford Library, William Seidman Files, Box 75, Law of the Sea. Secret. Sent for action. A signed copy of Tab A is in the National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760110–0509. Tab B was not attached to this document, but a copy is in the Department of State, S/SI Files: Lot 83 D 290, NSC Under Secretaries Committee Miscellaneous Memoranda (1972–1977), 1976. Tab C is published as UN Document A/CONF.62/WP.8/REV.1. NSDM 320 is published as Document 25. For Kissinger’s speech, see the source note of Document 27.

Document 32: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, August 9, 1976.

Scowcroft summarized the instructions to guide the U.S. delegation to the August–September 1976 (New York) UNCLOS III session and recommended approval.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 67, NSDM 336 (1). Secret. Ford initialed his approval. For Kissinger’s April 8 speech, see the source note to Document 27. Kissinger’s message to UNCLOS III President Amerasinghe is published in Department of State Bulletin, September 6, 1976, pp. 327–328. Tab A, as signed, is published as Document 38. Attached but not published at Tab B is the July 30 NSC Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum NSC–U/DM–109L from Habib to Ford. Attached but not published at Tab C is a July 21 memorandum from Frizzel to NSC Under Secretaries Committee Chairman Robinson.

Document 33: Memorandum for the Record, Washington, August 12, 1976, 6:30 p.m.

Kissinger discussed with Department of State officials how best to utilize his August 13–14 appearance at the August–September, 1976 (New York) UNCLOS III session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820118–0520. Secret; Nodis. A note to researchers, this document was found under the date September 13, 1976 in the electronic search system.

Document 34: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, August 13, 1976, 10 a.m.

Kissinger discussed negotiating strategy with team leaders of the U.S. delegation to the August–September 1976 (New York) UNCLOS III session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0558. Secret; Nodis. The "Brazil Group" or "Secret Brazil Group" included Brazil, Chile, France, Kenya, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Singapore, Sri Lanka, the United States, and, after mid–1976, Jamaica. The group met privately to negotiate compromises when impasses arose in LOS negotiations, and then quietly used UNCLOS III officers or sympathetic delegations to introduce conciliatory language into the public debate.

Document 35: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, August 13, 1976, noon.

Kissinger and other representatives of the U.S. delegation discussed Law of the Sea matters with members of the Mexican delegation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0548. Secret; Nodis.

Document 36: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, August 13, 1976, 1:15–3:30 p.m.

Kissinger and other representatives of the U.S. delegation discussed Law of the Sea matters with UNCLOS III officers.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0508. Secret; Nodis. Kissinger’s toast was circulated as Department of State Press Release USUN (91) 76, which can be found in the National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0517. Ambassador Kenneth Osbourne Rattray of Jamaica was Solicitor General of the Attorney General’s Department and a member of the Jamaican UNCLOS III Delegation.

Document 37: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, August 13, 1976, 5 p.m.

Kissinger and other representatives of the U.S. delegation discussed Law of the Sea matters with members of the Soviet delegation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0527. Secret; Nodis.

Document 38: National Security Decision Memorandum 336, Washington, August 14, 1976.

Ford approved instructions for the U.S. delegation to the August–September 1976 (New York) session of UNCLOS III.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, National Security Decision Memoranda and Study Memoranda, Box 1. NSDM 336. Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. NSDM 260 is published as Document 14. NSDM 288 is published as Document 18. NSDM 320 is published as Document 25. The July 30 Memorandum from the Acting Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee is summarized in Document 32.

Document 39: Memorandum for the Record, Washington, August 24, 1976, 4:30 p.m.

Kissinger discussed with Department of State officials how best to utilize his early September appearance at the August–September, 1976 (New York) UNCLOS III session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P860084–2123. Secret; Nodis. Paul Engo of the Republic of Cameroon chaired the First Committee of UNCLOS III.

Document 40: Memorandum for the Record, Washington, August 27, 1976, 11:30 a.m.

Kissinger met with selected Executive Branch representatives to discuss strategy on key Law of the Sea issues.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820118–0912. Secret; Nodis.

Document 41: Telegram 213536 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, August 27, 1976, 2000Z.

The Department cabled for immediate delivery a private message from Kissinger to selected Foreign Ministers concerning the UNCLOS III negotiations taking place in New York.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Niact Immediate; Exdis. Drafted by Newlin (D/LOS); cleared by Lord (S/P); and approved by Kissinger. Sent NIACT/immediate to Abidjan, Bogota, Bonn, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Canberra, Caracas, Dakar, Jakarta, Jidda, Kathmandu, Kingston, Kinshasa, Kuala Lumpur, La Paz, Lima, London, Lusaka, Mexico City, Monrovia, Nairobi, Nassau, Oslo, Ottawa, Rabat, San Jose, Santiago, Singapore, Tehran, The Hague, Tokyo, Tunis, Vienna, and Wellington. Sent immediate to USUN and Paris.

Document 42: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, September 1, 1976, 11:15 a.m.–12:45 p.m.

Kissinger and other members of the U.S. delegation discussed marine scientific research and the status of the economic zone with representatives of selected delegations to UNCLOS III.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0625. Secret; Nodis.

Document 43: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, September 1, 1976, 1:15 p.m.

Kissinger and other members of the U.S. delegation discussed UNCLOS III negotiations with British, Soviet, Japanese and French representatives.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0672. Secret; Nodis. A note to researchers, this was found under the date December 8, 1976 in the electronic system.

Document 44: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, September 1, 1976, 4:45 p.m.

Kissinger and other members of the U.S. delegation discussed UNCLOS III issues with a roundtable of representatives from other states.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0651. Secret; Nodis.

Document 45: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, September 2, 1976, 9:30 a.m.

Kissinger and other members of the U.S. delegation discussed UNCLOS III issues with representatives from Norway, Sri Lanka, and Peru.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820121–0641. Secret; Nodis.

Document 46: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, September 2, 1976, 5:40–6:46 p.m.

Kissinger reported to President Ford on his intervention at the UNCLOS III session in New York.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 21, September 2, 1976, Ford, Kissinger, Scowcroft. Secret; Nodis. For the announced changes in the U.S. position, see Kissinger's speech in source note, Document 27.

Document 47: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, September 10, 1976, 11 a.m.

After Kissinger’s second visit to the August–September 1976 (New York) UNCLOS III session, he discussed Law of the Sea matters with Department of State officials.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P860084–2438. Secret; Nodis. "Jules" refers to Katz.

Document 48: Telegram 225459 From the Department of State to the Mission to the United Nations, September 12, 1976, 0204Z.

Kissinger issued instructions to guide the U.S. delegation during the final stages of the August–September (New York) UNCLOS III negotiating session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Immediate; Exdis, Stadis. Drafted by Blaney (S/P); cleared in L, OES, D/LOS, and S/S; and approved by Kissinger.

Document 49: Telegram 3788 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, September 17, 1976, 2107Z.

The U.S. delegation submitted an unclassified report concerning the August 2–September 17 (New York) UNCLOS III negotiating session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Unclassified; Priority. Only the summary of the 22-page telegram is published. Kissinger’s September 17 statement issued upon the closing of the UNCLOS III negotiations in New York is published in Department of State Bulletin, October 11, 1976, pp. 451–453.

Document 50: Telegram 3795 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, September 17, 1976, 2153Z.

The U.S. delegation submitted a classified report concerning the August 2–September 17 (New York) UNCLOS III negotiating session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority. The delegation’s unclassified report is published as Document 49.

Document 51: Memorandum From Denis Clift of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, October 16, 1976.

Clift reviewed, for Scowcroft, the August 2–September 17 (New York) UNCLOS III negotiating session, outlined the preparatory steps to be taken prior to the May 1977 UNCLOS negotiations, and recommended course of action pertaining to domestic seabed mining and fisheries legislation.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, NSC Europe, Canada, and Ocean Affairs Staff, Box 58, General Subject File, Ocean Policy, 1976 (18). Secret; Sensitive. Sent for action. The tabs have not been found. For a copy of Learson’s report see Ford Library, National Security Adviser, NSC Europe, Canada, and Ocean Affairs Staff, Box 58, General Subject File, Ocean Policy, 1976 (16). NSDM 336 is published as Document 38. In the same file is an October 21 memorandum from Scowcroft to the Under Secretaries Committee requesting a review of the most likely outcomes of Congressional seabed mining initiatives during 1977 and the development of legislative response options taking into account the positions of interested Executive Branch agencies.

Document 52: Memorandum of Conversation, New York, October 22, 1976, 4:30 p.m.

Kissinger discussed preparatory measures for the May 1977 LOS session with Department of State officials.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P860084–2438. Secret; Nodis. "Jules" refers to Katz.

Document 53: Action Memorandum From the Deputy Secretary of State (Robinson) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, November 22, 1976.

Robinson outlined a basic strategy for future UNCLOS III negotiations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760189–1838. Confidential. Drafted by Poats (D); and cleared in the LOS Planning Group. At the top of the first page notation in an unknown hand reads, "Interagency consultations are already underway. Robinson would appreciate confirmation you are in agreement with strategy laid out below." Kissinger initialed his approval and noted "Make absolutely clear that there is to be no further give in Committee I." Attached but not published is the 62-page paper, dated November 3. Legislation to enable U.S. companies to proceed with seabed mining had been introduced in previous sessions of Congress, the most recent being the 1976 Deep Seabed Hard Minerals Act (S. 713). No bill had been enacted by the close of the Ford administration and it was not clear what provisions might be included in legislation likely to be introduced in 1977.

Document 54: Briefing Paper Prepared in the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs at the Department of State, Washington, undated.

This transition paper written for the incoming Carter administration outlined the principal issues surrounding UNCLOS III negotiations and the implementation of 200-mile fisheries legislation.

Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box CL 327, Department of State, Carter, Jimmy, Transition Papers, Briefing Books, Series I (2), December 1976. No classification marking. Drafted by OES and D/LOS. Coordinated with ARA/LA/EP, L, EB, and H. Department of State telegrams indicate that Anthony Lake of President-elect Carter’s transition team requested by December 6 this document as a follow-up to a November 18 briefing book that provided a general overview of major issues facing the new administration. (Telegram 289737 from the Department of State to Kissinger, November 26, and telegram 292120 from the Department of State to Kissinger, December 1, both in National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files)

Document 55: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–39A from the from the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Rush) to President Nixon, Washington, April 26, 1974.

The memorandum considered U.S. policy options concerning extraction of Antarctic mineral resources and recommended consultations with other parties to the Antarctic Treaty.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, OES/OA Files: Lot 90 D 234, Box 1, Antarctic Mineral Resources 1974, 1975. Confidential. Drafted by Yoder. Forwarded on April 29 by Grove to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the Federal Energy Office, and the Secretaries of Defense, Interior, Commerce, and Transportation. Sections 4 and 5, covering Federal Energy Office comments and a summary of the Antarctic Mineral Resources Study, have not been published.

Document 56: National Security Decision Memorandum 263, Washington, July 29, 1974.

The President outlined U.S. objectives concerning Antarctic mineral resources and authorized consultations with other parties to the Antarctic Treaty.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 364, Subject Files, NSDMs, Nos. 145–264. Confidential. Copies were sent to the Assistant to the President for International Economic Policy and the Counselor to the President for Economic Policy.

Document 57: Guidelines for Consultations on Antarctic Mineral Resources, October 4, 1974.

The guidelines directed negotiators to secure the views of other states while reiterating fundamental U.S. principles.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 98 D 419, Antarctica, 8th Consultative/I. Confidential.

Document 58: Report on Preliminary Consultations with Antarctic Treaty Negotiations Regarding Antarctic Mineral Resources, Washington, November 14, 1974.

The report summarized discussions with, and outlined the positions of, parties to the Antarctic Treaty concerning exploitation of Antarctic mineral resources.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 53, NSDM 263, U.S. policy on Antarctic resources (2). Confidential. Forwarded as NSC–U/SM–55F on November 22 by Gathright to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretaries of Defense, Interior, Commerce, and Transportation.

Document 59: Executive Summary of the Report Prepared by the Antarctic Policy Working Group on United States Policy on Antarctic Mineral Resources, Washington, undated.

The report considered policy options for resolving the principal issues related to extraction of Antarctic mineral resources.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 14, 7500581, U.S. Policy on Antarctic Mineral Resources. Confidential. Forwarded as NSC–U/SM–55G on January 27, 1975 by Gathright to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, the Assistant to the President for International Economic Policy, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretaries of Interior, Commerce, and Transportation.

Document 60: Memorandum NSC–U/DM 39B from the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Ingersoll) to President Ford, Washington, March 10, 1975.

An ad hoc working group of the Under Secretaries Committee summarized department and agency positions and submitted recommendations on major policy issues concerning extraction of Antarctic mineral resources.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 17, 7501481, U.S. Policy on Antarctic Mineral Resources. Confidential. Attachments 1 and 2 have not been found.

Document 61: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Ford, Washington, May 19, 1975.

Kissinger explained the interagency disagreements about Antarctic resource extraction policy and recommended a course of action intended to preserve U.S. options.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 17, 7501481, U.S. Policy on Antarctic Mineral Resources. Confidential. Sent for action. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it. Ford approved the recommendation. Tab A is published as Document 62. Tab B is published as Document 56. Tab C is published as Document 60. Tab D was not found.

Document 62: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee, Washington, May 20, 1975.

The President confirmed established U.S. policy principles, international negotiating approaches, and interagency coordination procedures concerning Antarctic mineral resource extraction.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 17, 7501481, U.S. Policy on Antarctic Mineral Resources. Confidential. Scowcroft signed for Kissinger above Kissinger’s typed signature.

Document 63: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–39C From the Acting Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Sisco) to President Nixon, Washington, August 16, 1975.

The memorandum forwarded a report by the U.S. delegation to the Eighth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 98 D 419, Antarctica, 8th Consultative/II. Confidential. Forwarded on August 20 by Gathright to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, the Assistant to the President for International Economic Policy, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretaries of Interior, Commerce, and Transportation. The attachments were not found.

Document 64: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–39D from the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Ingersoll) to President Ford, Washington, November 29, 1975.

The memorandum recommended an "active and influential" policy toward Antarctica, taking into account U.S. political, economic, security, and scientific interests.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 53, NSDM 263, U.S. policy on Antarctic resources (4). Confidential. Forwarded on November 30 by Gathright to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretaries of the Interior, Commerce, and Transportation. The attachment was not found.

Document 65: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, February 23, 1976.

The President approved continued Department of Defense expenditures for logistical support of National Science Foundation activities in Antarctica.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 28, 7507950, U.S. Policy for Antarctica. Confidential. Sent for action. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it. Ford approved the recommendation. Tab A is published as Document 66. Tab B is published as Document 64. Tabs C, D, and E have not been found.

Document 66: National Security Decision Memorandum 318, Washington, February 25, 1976.

The President approved continuation of an active U.S. presence in the Antarctic and directed federal agencies to support NSF programs.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, National Security Decision Memoranda and Study Memoranda, Box 1, NSDM 318. Confidential. Copies were sent to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Under Secretaries Committee, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Document 67: Position Paper for the Special Preparatory Meeting for the Ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Washington, June 24, 1976.

The paper identified general objectives and elucidated positions on environmental, economic, technological, legal, and political issues for the U.S. delegation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 98 D 419, Antarctica, 1976 Paris spec. prep. Confidential. Drafted by S. J. Burton; and cleared in OES, DOD, EPA, NSF, Interior, Commerce, CEQ, Treasury, FEA, and ACDA. Tab 1 has not been found. The underlined sections and other handwritten comments appear in the original text. In the margin of page 9, third full paragraph, second sentence, is written in an unknown hand, "demonstrable progress is required."

Document 68: Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International and Scientific Affairs (Irving) to the Undersecretary for Economic Affairs (Rogers), Washington, July 16, 1976.

The memorandum reported the results of the Ninth Antarctic Consultative Meeting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 98 D 419, Antarctica, 1976 Paris spec. prep. Confidential. Drafted on July 15 by Burton. A copy was sent to the Legal Adviser, Monroe Leigh.

Document 69: Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Ocean Affairs (Busby) to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International and Scientific Affairs (Irving), Washington, September 30, 1976.

The memorandum and attached Issues Paper discussed U.S. policy concerning exploitation of Antarctic living resources.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, OES/OA Files: Lot 90 D 234, Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 1974, 1975, 1976. Confidential. Drafted on September 23 by Busby and Scully (OES/OFA). Copies were sent to OES/APT, OES/ENP, and OES/OFA.

Document 70: Memorandum for the Record of a Meeting Between the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International and Scientific Affairs (Irving) and Council on Environmental Quality Representatives, Washington, October 27, 1976.

CEQ representatives registered concern about the potential negative environmental impact of unregulated Antarctic marine living resource exploitation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 93 D 558, Antarctica USG 1976. Confidential. Drafted by Sellin. The attached list of attendees has not been published.

Document 71: Memorandum From the Federal Energy Administration Representative for Antarctic Treaty Matters (Dugger) to the Chairman of the Antarctic Policy Group, Political Working Party (Burton), Washington, November 12, 1976.

The memorandum recommended an enhanced plan of action in preparation for the Ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OES Files: Lot 93 D 558, Antarctica USG 1976. Confidential.

Document 72: Department of State Briefing Paper on Antarctic Resource Exploitation, Washington, December 13, 1976.

The briefing paper identified issues to be addressed in forthcoming negotiations about the Antarctic regime.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, OES/OA Files: Lot 90 D 234, Antarctic Mineral Resources 1976. Confidential. Drafted by OES staff.

Document 73: Memorandum From the Acting Chairman of the National Security Council Undersecretaries Committee (Johnson) to President Nixon, Washington, June 12, 1972.

Johnson reported the recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee on International Space Cooperation.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–236, NSDM 187 (1 of 2). Secret. Annexes A, B, and C are published as part of Document 75. Annex D is attached but not published.

Document 74: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) and the Assistant to the President and Executive Director of the Council on International Economic Policy (Flanigan) to President Nixon, Washington, August 25, 1972.

The memorandum summarized the arguments in favor of a proposed National Security Decision Memorandum concerning technology and launch assistance.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–236, NSDM 187 (1 of 2). Confidential; Noforn. Sent for action. Nixon approved the recommendation. A stamped notation indicates the President saw it.

Document 75: National Security Decision Memorandum 187, Washington, August 30, 1972.

The President outlined objectives guiding international cooperation in space activities, approved polices governing the transfer of space technology, and promulgated guidelines for the provision of launch assistance to foreign governments or business entities.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–236, NSDM 187 (1 of 2). Confidential; Noforn. Copies were sent to the Director of the Office of Science and Technology, the Executive Secretary of National Aeronautics and Space Council, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Printed from a revised copy circulated on September 12. For Nixon’s announcement of the policy on October 9, see the Department of State Bulletin, November 6, 1972, pp. 533–534.

Document 76: Action Memorandum From the Director of the Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs (Spiers) to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Porter), Washington, March 26, 1973.

Spiers recommended consultation with French officials to request reconsideration of military and intelligence concerns arising in negotiation of the Space Registration Convention.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, Box 2960, SP 16. Secret; Exdis. Drafted by Archelaus R. Turrentine and Holsey G. Handyside (PM/AE); and concurred in by EUR/WE, IO/UNP, L/UNA, IO/UNA, IO, and EUR. In the margin next to the third line in the third paragraph, written in an unknown hand, is "now confirmed." Written in an unknown hand under the Approve/Disapprove lines is "Due to Ambassador Porter’s departure to San Clemente, demarche made by PM Acting Director Pickering to Fr. Counselor Masset 4/5/73." Michel Debre’ was French Minister of State for National Defense. Tab B is published in the Department of State Bulletin, May 28, 1973, pp. 712–715. Attached but not published at Tab C is Canadian telegram 4643 from Paris to Ottawa, December 18, 1972. Attached but not published at Tab D is a memorandum from Porter to De Palma and Acting Legal Adviser Charles N. Brower, approving the U.S. negotiating position regarding registration of space objects.

Document 77: Telegram 1501 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, April 23, 1973, 1615Z.

The telegram summarized events at the UN Outer Space Legal Subcommittee session. It focused on advances toward completion of a treaty on registration of space objects and relative lack of progress in Moon Treaty negotiations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority. Repeated for information to Moscow, Paris, Ottawa, and the Mission to NATO.

Document 78: Report on SKYLAB Utilization of Earth Terrain Camera Data, Washington, undated.

The report explained the potential consequences of publicly releasing high-resolution photographs taken from space, and recommended approval.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency Files, Job 80M01066A, Executive Registry Files (OPI 10), 1973 S–35 SSYLAB (01 Jan 72–31 Dec 73). Top Secret; Codeword. An April 26, 1973 cover letter from CIA Assistant Deputy Director for Science and Technology Donald H. Steininger to Schlesinger indicates that 40 Committee members would vote by phone whether to accept the report, and that approval of the report’s recommendations was anticipated.

Document 79: Letter From the Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy (Whitehead) to the President’s Assistant for International Economic Affairs (Flanigan), Washington, June 7, 1973.

Whitehead updated Flanigan on the status of international telecommunications issues, including various satellite systems, submarine cables, the structure of the international communications industry, and preparations for an upcoming International Telecommunications Union conference.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Central Files, Subject Files, Utilities, Box 14, EX, UT 1 Communications-Telecommunications, 1–1–73. No classification marking.

Document 80: Memorandum From the Deputy Secretary of State (Rush) to the Acting Secretary of Defense (Clements), Washington, June 18, 1973.

Rush recommended a high-level interagency review of proposed U.S. responses to Soviet anti-satellite activity.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SP 12 US. Secret. Copies were sent to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Document 81: Telegram 124445 From the Department of State to the United States Mission to the United Nations, June 26, 1973, 1538Z.

The telegram updated instructions for the U.S. delegation to the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SP 6 UN. Confidential; Priority. Drafted by Black; cleared in L/UNA, EUR/SOV, NASA/I, S/PC, PM/AE, and DOD/ISA; and approved by Stull. Repeated to Moscow.

Document 82: Action Memorandum From the Director of International Scientific and Technological Affairs, Department of State (Pollack) to the Acting Secretary of State (Rush), Washington, July 12, 1973.

Rush approved Pollack’s recommendation to negotiate an agreement with interested Western European nations for cooperative development and utilization of Spacelab and the Space Shuttle.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SP 10 US. Unclassified. Drafted on June 14 by Bastedo; and concurred in by NASA, DOD/ISA, PM/AE, H, EUR/RPE, L/SCI and L/T. Rush initialed his approval on July 13. Attached but not published at Tab A is the July 2 final draft of the U.S. version of the proposed agreement. Attached but not published at Tab B are the working drafts of the proposed agreement and at Tab C is the undated authorization from the Legal Adviser to conclude the agreement.

Document 83: Letter From the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Fletcher) to the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (Shultz), Washington, September 5, 1973.

Fletcher proposed reorienting earth-sensing satellite assets toward global assessment and establishing a national policy to exploit earth resources data obtained from space.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SCI 20. Secret. Copies were sent to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Document 84: Memorandum From Helmut Sonnenfeldt and David D. Elliott of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, September 7, 1973.

Kissinger approved the memorandum’s recommendation that President Nixon attend a ceremony to formalize an agreement for nine Western European nations to participate jointly in U.S. post-Apollo space programs.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 393, Subject Files, Space Programs Foreign Cooperation, (1 of 1), (1972–). Secret. Sent for action. Kissinger initialed his approval on September 10. The signing ceremony initiated the Memorandum of Understanding Between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Research Organisation for a Cooperative Programme Concerning the Development, Procurement, and Use of a Space Laboratory in Conjunction with the Space Shuttle System, signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, on August 14.

Document 85: National Security Council Under Secretaries Decision Memorandum 113, Washington, September 14, 1973.

The memorandum recommended to the President continued cooperation with the USSR on remote sensing initiatives, while attempting to gain more scientific and technical information from the Soviets.

Source: Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Central Files, Subject Files, Outer Space, Box 1, EX, OS Outer Space, 1–1–73. Confidential. Forwarded to the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the Executive Secretary of the National Aeronautics and Space Council. Copies were sent to the Departments of Commerce and Interior.

Document 86: Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Porter) to the Acting Secretary of State (Rush), Washington, September 24, 1973.

Porter recommended that, in order to take sufficient account of foreign policy and security interests, the Under Secretaries Committee should consider Earth Resources Satellite issues.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SCI 20. Secret. Attached but not published is a September 5 letter from Fletcher to Shultz.

Document 87: Memorandum From the Executive Secretary of the Department of State (Pickering) to the Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, October 26, 1973.

Pickering discussed the potential ramifications of NASA’s pilot global crop survey proposal. In the event of a decision to proceed, Pickering recommended consultation with international organizations and interested governments, as well as guidance from the Under Secretaries Committee regarding implementation.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/OA Files, Lot 99 D 369, Space, Remote Sensing, 1973. Secret. Drafted by Chapin (SCI/SAM); and cleared in S/PC, IO/UNP, PM/AE, INR/DDC/RPS, and L/UNA. Blakeburn signed for Pickering above Pickering’s typed signature. Fletcher’s letter to Shultz is Document 83.

Document 88: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Rush), Washington, November 17, 1973.

Kissinger requested that the Under Secretaries Committee examine and report on U.S. policies concerning launch assistance and the sharing of space technology.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, EB/CTA/TD Files, Lot 78 D 237, NSDM 187, 1972–. Secret. Sent for action. Forwarded on November 23 as NSC–U/SM–112–A to the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy, and the Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs. Above "recently" in the second paragraph is written in an unknown hand, "ESRO." In the right margin next to the second paragraph is written in an unknown hand, "L3S (France)." In the right margin next to the last paragraph on the first page is written in an unknown hand, "Japan, PRC, India."

Document 89: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Director of Central Intelligence (Colby), Washington, November 23, 1973.

The President approved modification of certain security controls applied to satellite-based photographic reconnaissance.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject Files, Box 1, Committee for Civil Applications of Classified Overhead Photography of the United States. Top Secret; Sensitive. A copy was also sent to the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission.

Document 90: Memorandum From the Executive Secretary of the Department of State (Pickering) to the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, December 7, 1973.

The Department of State recommended retaining civilian control over the management and operation of weather satellites.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, Box 2960, SP 12–3. Confidential. Drafted by Chapin. Deputy Executive Secretary Samuel R. Gammon signed above Pickering’s typeset signature.

Document 91: Intelligence Memorandum BGI RP 74–13, Washington, March 1974.

The report summarized the current status of international negotiations concerning the legal regime to be applied to remote sensing activities.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/UNA Files, Lot 99 D 364, Box 12, Space-Remote Sensing-1974. Confidential; No Foreign Dissemination. Prepared in the Directorate of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency. Only the summary is published.

Document 92: Action Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs (Buffum), the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lord), and the Deputy Legal Adviser (Maw) to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Sisco), Washington, March 8, 1974.

The memorandum recommended submitting to the UN Working Group on Direct Broadcast Satellites a draft of principles acceptable to the United States.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/OA Files, Lot 99 D 369, Box 11, Space—Direct Broadcast Satellites (DBS), 1973–1975. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Gathright, Stowe, and Black. Concurred in by CU and EB. Sisco initialed his approval on March 9. The attachment has not been published. The Draft Principles on Direct Broadcast Satellites, circulated by the U.S. delegation on March 12, are published in UN document A/AC.105/127, Annex IV.

Document 93: Telegram 48280 From the Department of State to the United States Mission to the United Nations at Geneva, March 11, 1974, 1924Z.

The telegram forwarded instructions for the U.S. delegation to the UN Working Group on Direct Broadcast Satellites.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use; Priority. Repeated for information to USUN New York. Drafted by Gathright and Black; cleared in L/UNA, IO/UNP, EB/TD, and CU; and approved by Blake. The Draft Principles on Direct Broadcast Satellites, circulated by the U.S. delegation on March 12, are published in UN document A/AC.105/127, Annex IV.

Document 94: Paper Prepared by the Department of State, Washington, May 3, 1974.

The paper discussed issues related to the draft Moon Treaty likely to arise during negotiations at the May 1974 session of the Legal Sub-Committee of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/OA Files, Lot 99 D 369, Box 8, Space—1974. Confidential. Drafted by Black; and cleared in L/UNA, S/P, NASA/I, USUN, IO/UNP, EUR/SOV, NASA–G, and DOD/ISA. Attached but not published is an undated proposal to reconfigure the order of articles in the draft Moon Treaty.

Document 95: Telegram 96877 From the Department of State to the Mission to the United Nations at Geneva, May 10, 1974, 0044Z.

The telegram communicated the United States negotiating position on issues related to remote sensing likely to arise during negotiations at the May 1974 session of the Legal Sub-Committee of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/OA Files: Lot 99 D 369, Space–1974. Confidential; Immediate. Drafted and approved by Stowe; and cleared in IO/UNP, S/P, PM, DOD/ISA, and NASA/I.

Document 96: Telegram 2488 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, July 19, 1974, 1543Z.

The telegram communicated the U.S. delegation’s appraisal of the 1974 session of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Repeated for information to Bonn, Brasilia, Geneva, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, Ottawa, Paris, Stockholm, Tokyo, and Vienna.

Document 97: National Security Decision Memorandum 266, Washington, August 15, 1974.

President Ford directed Secretary of Defense Schlesinger to take immediate steps to counter Soviet interception of government communications.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 54, NSDM 266, Long Term Washington Communications Security (5). Top Secret; Sensitive. Copies were sent to the Deputy Secretary of State, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy.

Document 98: National Security Council Decision Memorandum 92A, Washington, October 7, 1974.

The memorandum informed President Ford about disagreements between executive branch agencies concerning U.S. policy on space launching assistance for other countries.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P810014–1034. Confidential. The attachment has been published in the Department of State Bulletin, November 6, 1972, p. 534.

Document 99: Memorandum From David Elliott of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, November 4, 1974.

Elliott summarized the status of cooperation on space-related matters between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Agency File 1974–1977, Box 12, NASA 8/9/74–4/30/75. Confidential. Sent for information. Attached but not published is a November 2 memorandum from Cole to Ford, which presents the agenda for a November 4 meeting between Ford and several space policy advisers.

Document 100: Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Ash) to President Ford, Washington, November 29, 1974.

Ash presented the President with an assessment of NASA funding requests in light of larger budgetary restrictions and domestic and international political considerations.

Source: Ford Library, Presidential Handwriting File, Subject File, Box 19, Finance–Budget NASA. No classification marking. Attached but not published at Tab A is a page of general budgetary information. Ford approved the first two recommendations and disagreed with the third. A November 29 covering memorandum provided a brief agenda for the meeting. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it and another notation indicated that the meeting would take place from 2 until 3 p.m. on December 2 with Ford, Ash, OMB Associate Director Frank Zarb, OMB Assistant Director for Budget Review Dale McOmber, and OMB Deputy Associate Director for Management Donald Ogilvie in attendance. No other record of the meeting was found.

Document 101: Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to the Executive Director of the Domestic Council and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs (Cole), Washington, undated.

Scowcroft supported Cole’s recommendation to President Ford to keep the Office of Telecommunications Policy functions within the Executive Office of the President only if coordination of international activities improved.

Source: Ford Library, F. Lynn May Files, Box 24, Study of the Office of Telecommunications Policy (1). No classification marking. For Cole’s recommendation see Document 102.

Document 102: Memorandum From the Executive Director of the Domestic Council and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs (Cole) to President Ford, Washington, January 9, 1975.

Cole urged Ford to reconsider plans to remove the Office of Telecommunications Policy from the Executive Office.

Source: Ford Library, Presidential Handwriting File, Subject File, Box 14, Office of Telecommunications Policy. No classification marking. On January 17, the White House announced cancellation of plans to remove Office of Telecommunications Policy functions to the Department of Commerce (, January 18, 1975, p. 60).

Document 103: Telegram 599 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, February 27, 1975, 1659Z.

The telegram summarized private and informal Soviet positions on Direct Broadcast Satellite issues being negotiated at the Legal Sub-Committee meeting of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Immediate. Repeated for information to Moscow and NASA.

Document 104: Telegram 703 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, March 6, 1975, 2344Z.

The telegram summarized an initiative to define outer space proposed at the Legal Sub-Committee meeting of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Repeated for information to Paris and Moscow.

Document 105: Telegram 734 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, March 8, 1975, 0040Z.

The telegram assessed the results of the recently completed session of the Legal Sub-Committee of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Repeated for information to Paris, London, and Moscow. William E. Schaufle, Jr. was Deputy U.S. Representative to the United Nations.

Document 106: Action Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs (Buffum), the Legal Adviser (Leigh), and the Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, (Ray) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Ingersoll), Washington, April 3, 1975.

The memorandum recommended sending a delegation to selected African and Asian countries to advocate the U.S. position on remote sensing.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/OA Files: Lot 99 D 369, Space—Remote Sensing—1975. Confidential. Drafted by Stowe; and concurred in by IO, OES/SCI/SA, S/P, AF/W, AF/E, NEA/EGY, NEA/IRN, NEA/PAB, EA/IMS, AF/C, NEA/INS. Sisco approved the recommendation on April 16. On the memorandum is written, "JJS [Sisco] believes this need not go to D. He has signed letter to Fletcher." Attached but not published at Tab A is an undated memorandum from Sisco to Fletcher, urging NASA to cooperate in the proposed mission. Attached but not published at Tab B is a list citing Zaire, Nigeria, Kenya, Sudan, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Indonesia as the key African and Asian countries requiring bilateral consultations and noting that Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela comprised the Latin American members of the Outer Space Committee. Attached but not published at Tab C is UN document A/AC.105/C.2/L.103 of February 19. Attached but not published at Tab D is an April 11 memorandum from Hewson A. Ryan of ARA to Leigh. It recommended high-level negotiations with Brazilian and Argentinean officials before sending a delegation to African and Asian countries.

Document 107: National Security Council Under Secretaries Decision Memorandum 8A, Washington, May 5, 1975.

The memorandum recommended allowing the 1969 U.S.-Japan Space Cooperation Agreement to run its course in order to avoid transferring more advanced technologies to Japanese recipients.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 61, NSDM 306, U.S.-Japan Space Cooperation. Confidential. The attachment was not found.

Document 108: Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Clements) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, May 21, 1975.

[10 pages not declassified in time for publication.]

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 72, NSC–U/SM–157. Top Secret.

Document 109: National Security Decision Memorandum 296, Washington, May 23, 1975.

President Ford directed further measures to improve telecommunications security.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, National Security Decision Memoranda and Study Memoranda, Box 1. Top Secret; Sensitive. Sent to the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of State, the Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy, and the Administrator of the General Services Administration. Scowcroft signed for Kissinger. Copies were also sent to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Director of the National Security Agency. NSDM 266 is published as Document 97.

Document 110: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–134 from the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Ingersoll) to President Ford, Washington, May 30, 1975.

Ingersoll summarized differing positions between several government agencies concerning public release of GEOS–3 data.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 15, SRG Meeting, GEOS–3 Data, December 16, 1975. Secret. The full report has not been found.

Document 111: Telegram 3110 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, June 21, 1975, 0007Z.

The telegram summarized the results of the 1975 UN Outer Space Committee session.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Repeated for information to Brasilia, Buenos Aires, London, Moscow, New Delhi, Ottawa, and Paris.

Document 112: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Ingersoll), Washington, July 15, 1975.

Kissinger instructed the Under Secretaries Committee to create an interagency Standing Committee on Space Policy to address potential issues of conflict between civil and military space operations.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 72, NSC–U/SM–157, Standing Committee on Space Policy. Top Secret; Codeword. Forwarded as NSC–U/SM–157 on July 2 by Gathright to the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the President’s Science Adviser, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.

Document 113: Memorandum of Conversation Between the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, August 8, 1975, 4 p.m.

The Board discussed measures to counteract Soviet electronic surveillance of U.S. domestic telephone communications.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations 1973–1977, Box 14, August 8, 1975. Top Secret.

Document 114: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–92B From the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Ingersoll) to President Ford, Washington, August 8, 1975.

The memorandum recommended clarification of U.S. policies for providing space launching services for other countries.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, EB/OTA/TD Files: Lot 78 D 237, NSDM 187, 1972–. Limited Official Use. Forwarded on August 8 by Gathright to the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Acting Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy, and the Executive Director of the Council on International Economic Policy. The attachment has not been found.

Document 115: National Security Decision Memorandum 306, Washington, September 24, 1975.

Kissinger directed that advanced space-related technologies should not be transferred to Japanese recipients.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, National Security Decision Memoranda and Study Memoranda, Box 1, NSDM 306. Confidential. Scowcroft signed for Kissinger above Kissinger’s typed signature. Copies were sent to the Director of Central Intelligence and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Under Secretaries Committee study is Document 107.

Document 116: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Director of Central Intelligence Colby, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Lynn) to Secretary of Interior Hathaway, Washington, October 3, 1975.

Kissinger, Colby, and Lynn directed the establishment of a committee to review the civil applications of classified overhead photography of domestic sites.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject File, Box 1, Committee for Civil Applications of Classified Overhead Photography of the U.S. Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Chief of Engineers of the U.S. Army.

Document 117: Action Memorandum From the Chairman of the Working Group of the Standing Committee on Space Policy (Sloss) to the Chairman of the Standing Committee on Space Policy (Sisco), Washington, October 20, 1975.

Sloss outlined the principal issues facing the Standing Committee on Space Policy and recommended convening a meeting of the Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P860117–2078. Secret; Noforn. Drafted on October 16 by Sloss; and cleared by Gathright. Sent through Vest. Sisco approved a meeting at 11 a.m. on November 18. Tabs 1 and 2 have not been found.

Document 118: Action Memorandum From the Chairman of the Working Group of the Standing Committee on Space Policy (Sloss) to the Chairman of the Standing Committee on Space Policy (Sisco), Washington, November 21, 1975.

Sloss summarized and analyzed a meeting among members of the Standing Committee on Space Policy.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P860117–1558. Secret; Noforn. Drafted by Sloss; cleared by Gathright. Sisco initialed his approval for a meeting on December 16, but a note written in an unknown hand indicates "meeting cancelled at the last minute."

Document 119: Memorandum From David Elliott of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, December 16, 1975.

Elliott outlined inter-agency disagreements to aid Scowcroft’s preparation for a Senior Review Group meeting concerning public release of certain GEOS–3 data.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 15, SRG Meeting, GEOS–3 Data, December 16, 1975. Secret. Attached but not published at Tab A is an undated NSC Under Secretaries Committee Report of the Ad Hoc Interagency Working Group on Release of GEOS–3 Data. Tab C, attached but not published, circulated Tab A as NSC–U/DM–134, dated May 30. Tab B, the GEOS–3 Data Handling, is published here. Secret; Noforn.

Document 120: Minutes of the Senior Review Group Meeting, Washington, December 16, 1975, 10:37–11:28 a.m.

Senior Review Group members discussed policy-related concerns with regard to public release of GEOS–3 data.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 24, Meeting Minutes, SRG Originals, December 1975. Top Secret; Codeword.

Document 121: Memorandum From David Elliott of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, January 14, 1976.

Elliott outlined inter-agency disagreements to aid Scowcroft’s preparation for a meeting designed to forge a unified position on support for the AEROSAT program.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject Files, Box 1, Communications (2). Confidential. Sent for action. Attached but not published at Tab A are the undated talking points for Scowcroft. Attached but not published are Tabs B through D. Tab B is a January 9 memorandum from Barnum to Lynn and Scowcroft that recommended affirming U.S. commitments to the development of AEROSAT. Tab C is the December 11, 1975 memorandum from Ingersoll to Coleman that advocated proceeding with AEROSAT funding to avoid international diplomatic complications. Tab D is the January 9 memorandum from Egers to Kissinger that registered several objections to concluding AEROSAT and INMARSAT negotiations.

Document 122: Memorandum From David Elliott of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, January 27, 1976.

Scowcroft accepted Elliott’s recommendation to send a letter to the Office of Telecommunications Policy to clarify administration policy about participation in AEROSAT.

Source: Ford Library, White House Central Files, Subject Files 1974–1977, Box 16, UT 1, 8/1/75–1/20/77. Confidential. Sent for action. Copies of Scowcroft’s letter were sent to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Deputy Secretary of Transportation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Deputy Secretary of State. Attached but not published at Tab B is a January 20 memorandum from Egers to Scowcroft that advocated a joint administrative system for AEROSAT and INMARSAT. Attached but not published at Tab C is a January 9 memorandum from Egers to Kissinger that registered several objections to concluding AEROSAT and INMARSAT negotiations.

Document 123: Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (Hyland) to Director of Central Intelligence Bush, Washington, March 15, 1976.

Hyland explained the rationale behind his request that Bush conduct an assessment of the damage resulting from Soviet telecommunications intercepts.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject Files, Box 1, Communications (2). Top Secret; Sensitive. Copies were sent to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and the Director of the National Security Agency. At the bottom of the last page, Hyland wrote, "George, I’m not sure CIA is real action agency, but Intelligence Community as a whole should be involved."

Document 124: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, March 15, 1976.

Scowcroft updated Ford on the status of measures to decrease the vulnerability of U.S. satellites to attack.

Source: Ford Library, Kissinger-Scowcroft West Wing Files, Box 22, Satellite Vulnerability (3/15/76). Secret; Sensitive. Ford initialed the document, indicating that he had read it.

Document 125: Action Memorandum From the Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (Saunders) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, April 22, 1976.

The memorandum noted the arguments for and against declassification of the "fact of" photo-satellite reconnaissance.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P770109–0570. Secret; Noforn. Drafted by Saunders and Deputy Director of the Office of Resources Policy William P. Deary; and cleared by Sisco. A covering note of the same date indicates that the memorandum was not submitted to Kissinger, but that Sisco approved declassification (option 1). Attached but not published is a Draft Memo from Bill McAfee to Frank Wisner.

Document 126: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, April 26, 1976.

Scowcroft informed Ford about the status of efforts to counteract Soviet anti-satellite capabilities.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 38, 7602528. Top Secret. Sent for information. Ford initialed the document. Tab A has not been found.

Document 127: Telegram 2755 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, July 2, 1976, 2250Z.

The Mission communicated the delegation’s appraisal of the 1976 session of the UN Outer Space Committee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential.

Document 128: National Security Decision Memorandum 333, Washington, July 7, 1976.

President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs Brent Scowcroft outlined policy objectives for enhancing the survivability of U.S. space assets and ordered development of an action plan.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 38, 7602528. Top Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretary of State, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Document 129: Memorandum From Acting Director of the National Reconnaissance Office to the Committee on Foreign Intelligence, Washington, undated.

This memorandum circulates a proposed statement of policy for consideration. The proposal maintains an independence capacity to launch satellites with expendable vehicles during the initial stages of Space Shuttle operation.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Job 79M00467A, Executive Registry Files (OPI 10), Space Policy Interface 64 010176–311276. Top Secret; Codeword.

Document 130: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, July 24, 1976.

Scowcroft elaborated on the need for, and prospects of creating, a functional U.S. anti-satellite capability.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 66, NSDM 333 (4). Top Secret; Codeword. Tab A has not been found.

Document 131: Action Memorandum from the Deputy Coordinator for Security Assistance (Vest) and the Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (Saunders) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, July 29, 1976

The memorandum updated Kissinger on agency positions concerning declassification of "fact of" U.S. satellite reconnaissance.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760125–0140. Secret. Drafted on July 22 by James J. Hitchcock (INR/DDC) and Assistant Deputy Director Emerson M. Brown. Sent through Habib. Notations in an unknown hand indicated Kissinger read the memo on August 8, and agreed to a meeting on August 16 at 3:30, but that the date and time of the meeting were "very tentative."

Document 132: National Security Decision Memorandum 338, Washington, September 1, 1976.

President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs Brent Scowcroft directed development of an action plan to protect the privacy of all users of public telecommunications.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 67, NSDM 338, Further Improvements in Telecommunications Security (1). Top Secret; Sensitive. Copies were sent to the Secretary of State, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Director of the National Security Agency.

Document 133: Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant to the President for Economic Affairs (Gorog) to President Ford, Washington, September 3, 1976.

The memorandum recommended naming the first space shuttle "Enterprise" as a response to appeals by supporters of the television show "Star Trek."

Source: Ford Library, Presidential Handwriting File, Subject File, Box 34, Outer Space. No classification marking. Ford initialed his approval. The September 7 document reporting the reactions of White House staff is attached to the memorandum. The decision in favor of "Enterprise" was announced on September 9, one day after the meeting with NASA officials.

Document 134: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to Members of the Special Task Group on Telecommunications Security, Washington, September 13, 1976.

Scowcroft ordered several Executive Office staff agencies to create a Task Group for studying a possible governmental reorganization to facilitate the security of private sector telecommunications.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject Files, Box 1, Communications (2). Top Secret; Sensitive. Sent to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Counsel to the President, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs, and the Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy.

Document 135: Letter From the Director of Central Intelligence Bush to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Lynn), Washington, October 18, 1976.

Bush discussed the need for continued access to expendable launch vehicles after the Space Shuttle became operational, and of the opportunities the Shuttle presented to enhance U.S. space-based intelligence collection capabilities.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Job 79M00467A, Executive Registry Files (OPI 10), Space Policy Interface 64 010176–311276. Top Secret; Codeword.

Document 136: Letter From the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense (Currie) to the Director of Central Intelligence and Chair of the Committee on Foreign Intelligence Bush, Washington, October 21, 1976.

Currie outlined the conclusions of a panel convened to determine the extent to which expendable launch vehicles would be required during the initial operating years of the Space Shuttle.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Job 79M00467A, Executive Registry Files (OPI 10), Space Policy Interface 64 010176–311276. Top Secret; Codeword. NSDM 333 is published as Document 128.

Document 137: Memorandum From the Deputy Chief of the Office of Assistant Director (Smith) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, November 3, 1976.

Smith summarized a report on U.S. anti-satellite capabilities.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 66, NSDM 333 (3). Top Secret; Codeword. Sent for action. Sent through David Elliott. The tabs were not found.

Document 138: Memorandum NSC–U/DM–140 From the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee to President Ford, Washington, November 9, 1976.

The memorandum transmitted the report and recommendations of the Standing Committee on Space Policy concerning remote earth imagery policy.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 66, NSDM 333 (6). Top Secret. Forwarded by Poats, Acting Staff Director, to the Department of Defense, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Undersecretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the National Reconnaissance Officer. Copies were sent to the Undersecretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Only the summary to the 17-page report is published.

Document 139: Memorandum From David Elliott of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft), Washington, November 17, 1976.

Elliott relayed to Scowcroft information about President Ford’s interest in potential military applications of the space shuttle and use of intelligence satellite data for civil purposes.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential File of NSC Logged Documents, Box 47, 7606173. Secret. Scowcroft initialed the memorandum.

Document 140: Action Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lord), the Legal Adviser (Leigh), and the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary for Security Assistance (Lewis) to Under Secretary for Political Affairs (Habib), Washington, December 7, 1976.

Habib approved the memorandum’s recommendation to convene a meeting with television industry representatives to reconsider the U.S. position concerning direct broadcast satellites.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, L/OA Files: Lot 99 D 369, Box 12, Space—Direct Broadcast Satellites (DBS) 1976. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Gathright and Hirschfeld. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates Habib saw it on December 8. Habib approved a meeting for December 14 at 10:30. Attached but not published is a November 15 detailed review of U.S. policy concerning direct broadcast television satellite issues. No record of the meeting was found.

Document 141: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) to President Ford, Washington, December 16, 1976.

Scowcroft summarized the report of a panel of NSC technical consultants concerning U.S. anti-satellite capabilities.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 66, NSDM 333 (2). Top Secret; Codeword. Sent for information. The full report, dated October 1976, with a covering memorandum dated December 15, 1976, sent from Scowcroft to the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the Director of Central Intelligence is in the Central Intelligence Agency, Job 79M00467A, Executive Registry Subject Files (OPI 10), Space Policy Interface 64 010176–311276.

Document 142: Talking Points for Meeting with Vice President Rockefeller on Telecommunications Security, Washington, undated.

The document provided a status report of key issues concerning telecommunications security to be discussed with Rockefeller.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject Files, Box 1, Communications (2). Top Secret.

Document 143: Memorandum From the Director of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (Jaffe) to the Associate Director of the Domestic Council (Shepard), Washington, January 4, 1973.

The memorandum clarified and suggested a reconsideration of U.S. policy concerning elimination of poppy cultivation.

Source: National Archives, RG 170, Acc. # 89–0025, Box 1, Opium Policy: 12/73 policy paper background. No classification marking.

Document 144: Memorandum From the Assistant to the President (Ash) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, February 1, 1973.

As part of a review of federal drug control organization, Ash proposed that the Department of State assume more responsibility for overseeing international drug control efforts.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SOC 11–5. Administratively Confidential. Copies were sent to Ehrlichman and Cole. Rogers replied to Ash on February 13 that he would consider the proposals.

Document 145: Telegram 644 From the United States Mission to the United Nations at Geneva to the Department of State, February 10, 1973, 1100Z.

The telegram summarized negotiations at the 25th Session of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SOC 11–5. Limited Official Use. Repeated for information to Buenos Aires, London, and the United States Mission to the United Nations in New York. "Division" refers to the Division on Narcotic Drugs, the section of the UN secretariat that provided support for UN drug control functions.

Document 146: Memorandum From the Assistant to the President (Ash) to President Nixon, Washington, March 8, 1973.

Ash recommended the creation of a new agency within the Department of Justice to consolidate drug control efforts.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, President’s Office Files, President’s Handwriting Files, Box 21, March 1–10, 1973. No classification marking. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates that the President saw it. Nixon initialed his approval of option 3.

Document 147: Memorandum From the Chief Counsel of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (Miller) to Members of the Opium Shortage Committee, Washington, April 13, 1973.

Miller updated the committee members on discussions with pharmaceutical manufacturers’ representatives about an anticipated licit opium shortage and potential government responses.

Source: National Archives, RG 170, Acc. # 89–0022, Box 1. No classification marking. The Committee on Opium Shortage included representatives from the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Food and Drug Administration, the Special Action Office on Drug Abuse Prevention, the General Services Administration, the Office of Emergency Preparedness, the Department of State, the Department of Commerce, and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice. A memorandum from Ingersoll to Krogh, January 17; National Archives, RG 170, Acc. # 89–0022, Box 1, Opium Shortage Study, indicated that the stockpile consisted of 847,974 pounds of opium and 42,000 pounds of morphine.

Document 148: Memorandum From Executive Director of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Matters (Handley) to the Director of the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (Ambrose), Washington, June 18, 1973.

Handley forwarded to Ambrose recommendations from Cabinet Committee on Narcotics Control subcommittees concerning Drug Enforcement Administration organization and procedures.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM Files, Lot 85D396, DEA July 1973–December 1974. No classification marking. Tab A, not published, a memorandum from Peters to Bartels, May 31, proposed organizational options for strengthening the drug intelligence function. Tab B, not published, a memorandum from Belk to Peters, May 4, forwarded the minutes and conclusions of a Law Enforcement Subcommittee meeting that presented options for management and organization of international law enforcement activities. Tab C, attached but not published, is a May 17 memorandum from Stutman to Bartels, concerning a report on proposed international training procedures. Also attached but not published is Tab D, undated, which contains briefing materials concerning priorities for research and development projects presented by Dr. Al Vosburg, Acting Chairman of the CCINC Research and Development Subcommittee to Roger Jones, Chairman of the DEA Research and Development Subcommittee.

Document 149: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, September 26, 1973, 11 a.m.

The Working Group discussed interagency decision making procedures, Congressional positions on drug-related issues, program initiatives for priority countries, general drug abuse control program priorities, a potential licit opium shortage, and enforcement issues.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147, CCINC–Working Group (previous). Administratively Confidential. The undated Tab B, confidential, with the exception of those pages listing the CCINC membership rosters, is published here. Attached but not published at Tab A is a September 17 agenda for Working Group members. Tabs D and E are not attached. The Wolff Amendment, introduced on May 30, made it the sense of Congress that the President should: (1) immediately initiate negotiations at the highest level of the Turkish Government to (a) prevent the resumption of opium production; or (b) assure that adequate control measures have been developed and implemented which would effectively safeguard the United States from a renewed flow of illicit opium and its derivatives originating in Turkey; and (2) if such negotiations proved unfruitful, exercise the authority provided by the Congress under the Foreign Assistance Act to suspend all assistance to the government of Turkey. The Hartke Amendments to the Foreign Assistance Act were introduced on May 1.

Document 150: Memorandum From the Executive Director of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Matters (Handley) to the Cabinet Committees on Drug Abuse, Washington, undated.

Handley proposed specific bilateral measures and regional initiatives to address international drug-control problems.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SOC 11–5, 7–1–73. Secret; Exdis; Not for reproduction. Circulated by Laird on November 21, 1973 to members of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control and the Domestic Council Committee on Drug Abuse.

Document 151: Minutes of a Joint Meeting of the Cabinet Committees on Drug Abuse, Washington, November 27, 1973.

Committee members discussed the international drug control situation and initiatives to enhance U.S. efforts abroad.

Source: Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 359, Subject Files, Narcotics, Volume V, January 1972–December 1973 (2of 3). Confidential. Forwarded on December 3 to all participants. The international initiatives proposed by Ambassador Handley are published as Document 150.

Document 152: Briefing Memorandum From the Office of the Inspector General of the Foreign Service (Sutterlin) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, December 7, 1973.

Sutterlin recommended managerial and organizational enhancements to improve Department of State leadership of the International Narcotics Control Program.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, SOC 11–5. Sensitive. Drafted by Deputy Inspector General Perkins C. Pedrick. For the Ash’s February 1 memorandum see Document 144.

Document 153: Memorandum From the Counselor to the President (Laird), the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Ash), Secretary of Health Education and Welfare Weinberger, and Secretary of the Treasury Shultz to President Nixon, Washington, December 15, 1973.

The memorandum outlined options and made recommendations for action to alleviate a growing shortage of licit opium.

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 23, Opium, January 1975–August 1976. Secret. Sent for action. Attached but not published at Tab B, undated and unsigned, is a detailed account of the NSC staff position. Attached but not published at Tab C, undated and unsigned, is a detailed account of the Department of State views. On December 26 Kehrli wrote to Laird, Ash, Weinberger, and Shultz, indicating that all three recommendations were approved. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P850150–2524)

Document 154: Telegram 1310 From the Embassy in Ankara to the Department of State, February 21, 1974, 1700Z.

Ambassador Macomber reported the details of his meeting with Prime Minister Ecevit concerning potential Turkish reintroduction of opium poppy cultivation.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC files, Box 634, Country Files, Middle East, Turkey Volume IV, January 74 [July 74]. Secret; Priority. Repeated for information to Geneva and U.S. Consulates in Adana, Istanbul, and Izmir. Forwarded on February 23 to Kissinger as telegram 36526 from the Department of State to the Embassy in Mexico.

Document 155: Minutes of the Secretary of State’s Regional Staff Meeting, Washington, March 12, 1974, 3:10–3:50 p.m.

Secretary Kissinger discussed how to respond to the likely reintroduction of poppy growing in Turkey.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Transcripts of Secretary of State Kissinger’s Staff Meetings, 1973–1977, Entry 5177, Box 2, Secretary’s Regional Staff Meetings, 03/12/74. Secret.

Document 156: Minutes of the Secretary of State’s Staff Meeting, Washington, March 18, 1974, 3:10–4:05 p.m.

Secretary Kissinger considered further responses to the increasingly likely reintroduction of poppy growing in Turkey.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Transcripts of Secretary of State Kissinger’s Staff Meetings, 1973–1977, Entry 5177, Box 2, Secretary’s Regional Staff Meetings, 03/18/74. Secret.

Document 157: Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Ash) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, April 16, 1974.

Ash asked Kissinger to review the managerial and financial resources devoted to international drug control efforts.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 359, Subject Files, Narcotics Vol. VI, January 1974 (1 of 1). No classification marking. Tab A has not been found.

Document 158: Airgram A–4096 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, May 21, 1974.

The Airgram forwarded the report of the U.S. delegation to the Third Special Session of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740051–1948. Unclassified. Drafted by Cavanaugh; cleared in S/NM; and approved by Vance. The appendices were not found.

Document 159: Memorandum From Secretary of State Kissinger to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Ash), Washington, June 22, 1974.

Kissinger informed Ash of personnel, budgetary, and organizational efforts to enhance international drug control efforts.

Source: Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 359, Subject Files, Narcotics Vol. VI, January 1974 (1 of 1). No classification marking.

Document 160: Memorandum of Conversation, June 24, 1974, 10:30 a.m.–noon.

U.S. representatives discussed the international drug control situation with INCB member Pollner.

Source: National Archives, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740071–1619. Limited Official Use. Drafted in IO/HDC by Noziglia and in USUN by Wiggins. "1953 Convention" refers to the Protocol for Limiting and Regulating the Cultivation of the Poppy Plant, the Production of, International and Wholesale Trade in, and Use of Opium, signed at New York on June 23, 1953. "1961 Convention" and "Single Convention" refer to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, signed at New York on March 30, 1961.

Document 161: Memorandum From the Special Assistant for Federal Drug Management (Johnson) to the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (Bartels), the Senior Adviser on International Narcotics Matters (Vance), the Director of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (DuPont), and the Associate Director of the Domestic Council (Shepard), Washington, August 20, 1974.

The memorandum summarized the discussion of an August 19 meeting on the status and future of federal drug control efforts.

Source: Ford Library, F. Lynn May Files, Box 3, Drug Abuse, General (1). Administratively Confidential; Eyes Only. The attachment was not found. "Compass Trip" refers to a multi-spectral aerial surveillance system to detect opium poppy plantings.

Document 162: Memorandum From the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Ford, Washington, August 21, 1974.

Kissinger assessed options for responding to the reintroduction of Turkish poppy production.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 54, NSDM 267, Turkish Opium Production (1). Secret. Sent for action. Ford initialed his approval. Tab A is Document 164.

Document 163: Memorandum of Conversation, August 22, 1974.

U.S. representatives discussed with INCB member Pollner how to respond to the Turkish government’s announced intention to reintroduce licit opium cultivation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740097–2072. Confidential. Drafted by Cavanaugh and Wiggins. Copies were sent to Vance, Gough, the narcotics coordinator for EUR, and Hirshorn.

Document 164: National Security Decision Memorandum 267, Washington, August 23, 1974.

President Ford issued instructions for responding to the reintroduction of opium cultivation in Turkey.

Source: Ford Library National Security Decision Memoranda and Study Memoranda, Box 1, NSDM 267. Secret. Copies were sent to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Director of Domestic Council, and the Director of the United States Information Agency. The Interdepartmental Group memorandum of July 13 is summarized in Document 162.

Document 165: Telegram 192427 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Turkey, August 31, 1974, 1757Z.

Secretary Kissinger instructed Ambassador Macomber to deliver a message personally to Prime Minister Ecevit concerning U.S. concerns about opium smuggling accompanying the reintroduction of poppy cultivation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority; Exdis. Repeated for information to the U.S. Mission to the UN in Geneva. Drafted by Hirshorn; and approved by Kissinger, Vance, Stabler, and Woods.

Document 166: Letter From the Senior Member of the Military Installations and Facilities Subcommittee, House of Representatives (Bennett) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, October 18, 1974

Bennett queried Kissinger about alternatives to depleting the stockpile of opium reserved for national defense purposes.

Document 167: Telegram 233134 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, October 23, 1974, 1558Z.

President Ford directed ambassadors to review and report on mission drug control activities.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted by Ernst; cleared by Eagleburger, Sisco, Vance, Shepard, Horan, and Johnson. Repeated to all consular posts.

Document 168: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, October 29, 1974, 11 a.m.

[5 pages not declassified in time for publication.]

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files: Lot 84D147, Box 1, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. Confidential.

Document 169: Telegram 15727 From the Embassy in Rome to Several Posts, Rome, November 12, 1974, 1530Z.

The telegram informed posts about the federal organization and coordination mechanisms in Washington designed to support the drug abuse-control activities of other governments.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Unclassified. Repeated to the consuls of Florence, Milan, Genoa, Naples, Palermo, Trieste, and Turin. Repeated for information to the Department of State.

Document 170: Telegram 254205 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, November 18, 1974, 2324Z.

The telegram outlined criteria for support of host country drug abuse prevention efforts.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use. Drafted and approved by Ernst; approved in draft by Cavanaugh, Searing, Zerolis, and Rouse; approved in substance by Shankle; and approved by phone by Smith.

Document 171: Letter From the Assistant to the Secretary of State for Congressional Relations (Holton) to the Senior Member of the Military Installations and Facilities Subcommittee, House of Representatives (Bennett), Washington, December 30, 1974.

Holton explained the rationale behind the release of opium from the strategic stockpile and informed Bennett that the DEA would allow import of poppy straw concentrate.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files P740147–1396. No classification marking. Drafted by Miller on December 23; and cleared in OMB. The attachment is printed in Federal Register, Vol. 39, No. 246, December 20, 1974, pp. 44033–44034. H.R. 9429 and S. 2166, both entitled "A bill to authorize the disposal of opium from the national stockpile," were introduced on July 19.

Document 172: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, February 11, 1975, 10 a.m.

The Working Group discussed the situation in Turkey, Mexico, and Jamaica, income substitution programs, the licit opium supply, the upcoming UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs meeting, trade matters, and treaty ratification.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84D147, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. Confidential. Drafted by Lawrence on February 14. David R. MacDonald was Treasury Department Assistant Secretary for Enforcement, Operations, and Tariff Affairs.

Document 173: Telegram 15450 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, February 21, 1975, 2302Z.

[5 pages not declassified in time for publication.]

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Exdis.

Document 174: Telegram 14796 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, March 26, 1975, 0301Z.

The telegram provided guidance to Chiefs of Mission concerning oversight of DEA activities abroad.

Source: National Archives, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted in S/NM by Ernst and in DEA by Antonelli; cleared in L/SFP, M, S/S–O, P, SCA, ARA, EA/EP, EUR, and NEA; and approved by Vance. Sent to 77 posts worldwide, with information copies forwarded to USUN in New York and the U.S. Mission in Geneva. Printed from a copy repeated to multiple posts on March 26.

Document 175: Report of the United States Delegation to the 26th Session of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Washington, April 7, 1975.

The report summarized the work of the conference, focusing on the licit opium shortage, illicit trafficking, Turkish opium cultivation, revision of annual reports, exchange of information, and demand reduction.

Source: Department of State, IO/T/HNP Files, Lot 81D327, NAR 76 ORG UN, Organizations—United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 1976 meeting. No classification marking. Prepared by Cavanaugh. Three appendices, not published, listed the members of the U.S. delegation, the organization and agenda of the meeting, and the number of participants representing other governments and non-governmental organizations.

Document 176: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, June 12, 1975, 11 a.m.

The Working Group discussed Congressional concerns about CCINC program content, the situation in Turkey, marijuana policy, and the status of licit opium supplies.

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 19, Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control. Confidential. Drafted on June 13 by Lawrence (S/NM). The minutes were forwarded to committee representatives on June 16.

Document 177: Telegram 119686 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, July 1, 1975, 1900Z.

The telegram clarified the duties of the Embassy Narcotics Officer position.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Unclassified; Unrestricted. Drafted and approved by Ernst. Forwarded to 94 posts, and sent for information to USUN and Geneva. Printed from a repeated copy; the original was sent on May 22. Airgram A–2665, Department of State to selected posts, April 17, forwarded a Narcotic Training Assessment Questionnaire and instructed the Embassy Narcotics Officer to make host country authorities aware of opportunities for drug control training and cooperative initiatives.

Document 178: Memorandum From the Chief Counsel of the Drug Enforcement Administration (Miller) to the Acting Administrator (Dogin), Washington, July 7, 1975.

Miller summarized key issues pertaining to the licit opium supply situation and the work of the Opium Policy Task Force.

Source: National Archives, RG 170, Acc. # 89–0021, Box 1. No classification marking. Attachment 1, signed by Dogin on July 9, announced the existence of an emergency that warranted authorization of the import of poppy straw. The other attachments were not found. Joseph McLaughlin (misspelled in the text) was a member of the S/NM staff.

Document 179: Memorandum of Conversation, the Ambassador’s Residence, Helsinki, Finland, July 31, 1975, 8 a.m.

Ford and Kissinger discussed drug control efforts with Turkish Prime Minister Demirel.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 14, July 31, 1975. Secret; Nodis.

Document 180: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, September 25, 1975, 11:17 a.m.–12:17 p.m.

Ford and Kissinger discussed how to support Colombian drug control efforts with President Lopez Michelsen.

Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 15, September 25, 1975. Secret; Nodis.

Document 181: Memorandum From the Senior Adviser on International Narcotics Matters (Vance) to Acting Secretary of State Ingersoll, Washington, October 23, 1975

Vance asked Ingersoll to approve a telegram to all posts emphasizing the importance of international drug control cooperation as highlighted in the White Paper on Drug Abuse submitted to the President by the Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files: Lot 84 D 147. Unclassified. Drafted by Ernst. Tabs 1 and 3 were not found. Tab 2 is a draft version of Document 182.

Document 182: Telegram 253482 From the Department of State to All Posts, October 24, 1975, 1631Z.

In light of the recently-published White Paper on Drug Abuse, the Department urged all missions to promote U.S. drug control objectives abroad.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Unclassified. Drafted by Buczaski and Ernst; and approved by Ingersoll, Vance, and Borg. The report was published under the title , Government Printing Office, 1975.

Document 183: Memorandum From the Commissioner of Customs (Acree) and the Acting Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (Dogin) to Principal Field Offices, Washington, December 11, 1975.

[8 pages not declassified in time for publication.]

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 22, MOU–DEA, Customs Service, and IRS, December 1975–August 1976. No classification marking.

Document 184: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, December 17, 1975, 11 a.m.

The Working Group focused primarily on developments involving Mexico.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files: Lot 84 D 147, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. Confidential. Drafted by Lawrence. Tabs A and B are attached but not published.

Document 185: Memorandum for the File, Washington, December 22, 1975.

A Congressional delegation met with President Ford to discuss international aspects of the drug problem.

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 23, Opium, January 1975–August 1976, President—Meetings. No classification marking. The meeting commenced at 3 p.m. The Murphy Commission refers to the U.S. Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Report of the Commission, Washington, GPO, 1975. For Ford’s discussion with Echeverría, see Document 15. For Ford’s discussion with Lopez see Document 180. For Ford’s discussion with Demeril see Document 179.

Document 186: Telegram 11441 From the Embassy in Mexico to the Department of State, December 30, 1975, 2351Z.

Attorney General Levi met privately with his counterpart Ojeda Paullada to stress the importance President Ford placed on Mexican drug control efforts.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Limdis. Repeated for information to DEA headquarters.

Document 187: Minutes of the Domestic Council Drug Abuse Review Task Force, Washington, January 6, 1976.

[4 pages not declassified in time for publication.]

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147. No classification marking.

Document 188: Letter From Mexican President Echeverría to President Ford, January 16, 1976.

Echeverría informed Ford about meetings held with U.S. representatives and announced the establishment of a national commission to study drug-related concerns.

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 22, Mexico, November 1975–May 1976. Limited Official Use. Sent as telegram 629 from Mexico City to the Department of State. Translated from the original Spanish by the Division of Language Services, Department of State.

Document 189: Minutes of the Domestic Council Drug Abuse Review Task Force, Washington, February 3, 1976.

The Task Force focused primarily on drug trafficking along the Mexican border.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147. Secret. Minutes were forwarded to participants on February 17.

Document 190: Letter From President Ford to Mexican President Echeverría , Washington, February 6, 1976.

Ford acknowledged Echeverría’s letter, informed him of similar measures within the United States, and proposed continuing consultations to coordinate efforts in combating drug trafficking and abuse.

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 22, Mexico, November 1975–May 1976. No classification marking. Echeverría’s letter to Ford is published as Document 188.

Document 191: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, February 10, 1976, 11 a.m.

The Working Group discussed aspects of the Mexican situation, cocaine trafficking and coca production reduction, APO concerns, and items relating to congressional action.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Ernst. Attached but not published at Tab A is a list of participants. Tab B has not been found. Echeverría’s letter to Ford is published as Document 188.

Document 192: Letter From the Senior Adviser to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for International Narcotics Matters (Vance) to the Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Committee on Appropriations (Inouye), Washington, February 12, 1976.

Vance reviewed efforts to encourage contributions to the UN Fund for Drug Abuse Control from other governments and articulated the rationale for continued U.S. contributions.

Source: Department of State Files, IO/T/HNP Files, Lot 81 D 327, NAR 76 ORGUN Organizations–United Nations. No classification marking. A handwritten notation on the bottom of the document indicated the letter was copied to Cummins in IO/EX.

Document 193: Report of the United States Delegation to the 4th Special Session of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Washington, undated.

The report summarized the work of the conference, focusing on demand reduction, control of psychotropic substances, income substitution programs, UN secretariat organization, and alternatives for producing opium-based raw materials.

Source: Department of State Files, IO/T/HNP Files, Lot 81D327, CND, 4th Special Session. No classification marking. Prepared by Buczacki . The Special Session met from February 16 to 27, 1976. Three appendices, not published, listed the members of the U.S. delegation, the organization and agenda of the meeting, and the number of participants representing other governments and non-governmental organizations.

Document 194: Memorandum From the Special Assistant for Federal Drug Management, Office of Management and Budget (Johnson) to the Associate Director for National Security and International Affairs, Office of Management and Budget (Ogilvie) and the Associate Director for Economics and Government, Office of Management and Budget (Kearney), Washington, May 28, 1976.

Johnson presented an overview of international drug control developments and related domestic matters.

Source: Ford Library, Parsons Files, Box 21, International Narcotics Control, March–June 1976. Secret.

Document 195: Memorandum From the Chief Counsel of the Drug Enforcement Administration (Miller) to the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (Bensinger), Washington, August 5, 1976.

Miller advocated monitoring exports of U.S. pharmaceutical drugs for diversions into the illicit traffic.

Source: National Archives, RG 170, Acc. # 89–0024, Box 1, Outgoing Correspondence, 1970s. No classification marking. Copies were sent to Frank G. Pappas, Acting Chief, Office of Liaison (DEA), and John Gunn, Acting Director of the Office of Science and Technology (DEA).

Document 196: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, August 17, 1976.

The Working Group discussed intelligence, congressional initiatives, the role of international organizations, the regulatory status of psychotropic drugs and papaver bracteatum, public relations, assistance for demand reduction activities abroad, drug abuse among members of the armed services, APO mail concerns, and domestic drug abuse trends.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. Confidential. For the Ramsey case see records of the Federal Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, 176 U.S. App. D.C. at 73, 538 F. 2d, at 421. Paul Perito was Deputy Director of SAODAP until 1975.

Document 197: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, September 10, 1976, 11:30 a.m.

The working group discussed a report to be forwarded to President Ford, enabling legislation for ratification of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and testimony before congressional committees.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, S/NM Files, Lot 77 D 120, Narcotics Control, 2 of 3. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Ernst. Attachment A, an August 18 memorandum circulating the agenda to Working Group members, and Attachment B, an undated list of attendees, are not published.

Document 198: Telegram 230901 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, September 17, 1976, 2003Z.

The telegram forwarded guidelines for CCINC funding of drug-related demand reduction programs initiated by foreign governments.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, S/NM Files, Lot 77D120, Narcotics Control, 1 of 3. Unclassified. Drafted by Du Pont; cleared in DEA, Treasury, AID/SER/INC, OMB, NSC, CIA, and USIA; and approved by Vance.

Document 199: Memorandum From the Acting Secretary of State (Robinson) to President Ford, Washington, September 21, 1976.

Robinson forwarded to Ford a report on the activities of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control.

Source: National Archives, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760151–1263. No classification marking. Drafted on September 20. The attached table has not been found.

Document 200: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, October 18, 1976.

The Working Group discussed intelligence matters, budgetary allocations, and developments in overseas assistance and training programs.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. No classification marking. Not published are Attachment 1, an October 1 memorandum circulating the agenda to Working Group members; Attachment 2, undated charts outlining fiscal year 1977 overseas spending and personnel levels; and Attachment 4, fiscal year 1977 international narcotic enforcement training objectives. Attachment 3 has not been found.

Document 201: Telegram 266442 From the Department of State to Multiple Posts, October 28, 1976, 2319Z.

The telegram instructed posts to apply all appropriate resources and coordination efforts to drug-related intelligence reporting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Ernst; cleared in NEA/RA, EUR/WE, ARA/RPP, EA, S/NM, CIA, DEA, and S/S; and approved by Robinson. Published from a corrected copy. State 119686 is published as Document 177.

Document 202: Minutes of the Working Group of the Cabinet Committee on International Narcotics Control, Washington, December 20, 1976.

The Working Group discussed drug control-related conditions in various countries, potential domestic production of paper bracteates, activities of the Foreign Intelligence Subcommittee, Congressional initiatives, and exchanged views with representatives of the International Narcotics Control Board.

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 59, INM/P Files, Lot 84 D 147, Cabinet Committee–Working Group. Limited Official Use. Attached but not published is Attachment 1, a December 7 memorandum circulating the agenda to Working Group members. Vernon Hann’s name is misspelled as Hamm.

Document 203: Memorandum From Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon, Washington, January 8, 1973.

In this memorandum, Rogers noted that the United States was making progress against the recent upsurge of international terrorism and that all agencies on the Cabinet Committee were cooperating appropriately.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 310, Subject Files, Cabinet Committee on Terrorism, September 72–July 73, 1 of 1. Confidential.

Document 204: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) and the Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs (Ehrlichman) to President Nixon, Washington, January 17, 1973.

The memorandum summarized and attached an update from Rogers to Nixon about domestic and international activities to combat terrorism.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 310, Subject Files, Cabinet Committee on Terrorism, September 72–July 73, 1 of 1. Confidential. Sent for information. The attached NSC correspondence profile indicates that Nixon noted the memorandum on January 24.

Document 205: Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Administration (Donelan) to the Office of Management and Budget International Programs Division Chief (Frey), Washington, February 12, 1973.

The memorandum recounted problems associated with efforts to protect foreign diplomats and missions in New York City and outlined alternatives for resolution.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, M/CT Files: Lot 77 D 30, Protection of Foreign Officials and Installations, 1971–1973. No classification marking. Drafted by Gentile. Copies were sent to Donelan and DePalma.

Document 206: Chronology of the Khartoum Incident, undated.

[14 pages not declassified in time for publication.]

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, Box 2045, POL 13–10 Arab, 3–1–73. Secret.

Document 207: Memorandum for the President’s Files by his Assistant to the President and Press Secretary (Ziegler), Washington, March 6, 1973.

Nixon discussed the Sudan incident and other issues related to terrorism policy with Department of State officials.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, President’s Office Files, Memoranda for the President, Box 91, Beginning March 4 (1973). No classification marking.

Document 208: Memorandum From Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon, Washington, March 8, 1973.

Rogers provided an update on efforts to combat terrorism after the March 2 assassinations in Khartoum, Sudan.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 286, Agency Files, Department of State, Vol. XVIII, January 1973–May 1973. Confidential. The attached NSC correspondence profile indicates that Nixon noted the memorandum on March 14. Nixon’s March 6 address at a Department of State ceremony honoring Noel and Moore is published in , pp. 169–171.

Document 209: National Security Decision Memorandum 207, Washington, March 13, 1973.

The memorandum confirmed that in the event of a terrorist incident, all federal agencies should coordinate response efforts through the Department of State.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–239, NSDM 207 (3 of 4). Secret. Copies were sent to the Secretaries of Treasury, Defense, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, and Transportation, and to the Attorney General, the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as the Directors of Central Intelligence, the United States Information Agency, and the Arms Control Disarmament Agency.

Document 210: Memorandum From Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon, Washington, June 17, 1973.

Rogers presented an update on efforts to combat terrorism since January.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 310, Subject Files, Cabinet Committee on Terrorism, September 72–July 73, 1 of 1. Confidential.

Document 211: Briefing Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for Combating Terrorism (Hoffacker) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, October 4, 1973.

Hoffacker identified the major problems anticipated in combating terrorism during the ensuing 12 months.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, M/CT Files: Lot 77 D 30, Secretary—Correspondence and Reports 1972–73. Confidential. Concurred in by IO, SY, M, and EB/OA/AVP.

Document 212: Briefing Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for Combating Terrorism (Hoffacker) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, December 27, 1973.

Hoffacker presented an update on the terrorism situation for December.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, M/CT Files: Lot 77 D 30, Secretary-Correspondence and Reports, 1972–1973. Confidential. The attachment has not been found.

Document 213: Action Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for Combating Terrorism (Hoffacker) and the Deputy Legal Adviser (Maw) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, December 29, 1973.

Kissinger approved several initiatives for engaging the Soviet Union in more thoroughgoing measures to combat terrorism.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 23–8. Confidential. The attachments were not attached. Drafted by Hoffacker and Byron K. Huffman; cleared in EB/TT, H, IO, INR, EUR, L, and CIA. The options 3, 5, 6, and 7 were approved by Kissinger on December 31, with a notation to prepare talking points on those options. Options 1, 2, and 4 were marked "no action."

Document 214: Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for Combating Terrorism (Hoffacker) to the Deputy Undersecretary for Management (Brown), Washington, April 23, 1974.

Brown approved Hoffacker’s recommendation to continue special screening measures for Arab visa applicants, referred to as Operation Boulder.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, M/CT Files: Lot 77 D 30, Visa-Operation Boulder, 1972–74. Confidential. Drafted by Gatch. Attached but not published at Tab A is telegram 1168 from the Embassy in Kuwait to the Department of State, March 27, which requested exceptions to Operation Boulder restrictions. Attached but not published at Tab B is a March 8 memorandum from John R. Diggins of SCA to Barbara M. Watson, which proposed altering procedures required by Operation Boulder to expedite the processing of visa applications. Attached but not published at Tab C is a April 9 letter from FBI director Clarence M. Kelley to Kissinger, which advocated retaining Operation Boulder provisions without amendment. Attached but not published at Tab D is an unsent draft telegram ordering revisions modifying the implementation of Operation Boulder.

Document 215: Memorandum From the Acting Secretary of State (Rush) to President Nixon, Washington, April 30, 1974.

Rush recommended several measures to ensure the protection of foreign officials and installations within the United States.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 325, Subject Files, Protection of Foreign Officials and Installations, 1 of 1. Limited Official Use. The attachment, a April 30 letter from Rush to Saxbe urged the Attorney General to promote more vigorous measures to protect foreign officials and property. Nixon’s response is published as Document 216.

Document 216: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to Treasury Secretary Simon, Attorney General Saxbe, and the Deputy Secretary of State (Ingersoll), Washington, July 29, 1974.

President Nixon directed the Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism to conduct a study concerning the protection of foreign officials and establishments in the U.S.

Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 325, Subject Files, Protection of Foreign Officials and Installations, 1 of 1. Confidential. Copies were sent to the Secretary of Defense, the U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., the Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs, and the Director of the FBI. The April 30 memorandum is published as Document 215.

Document 217: Airgram A–7676 From the Department of State to All Posts, Washington, October 8, 1974.

The Department requested all posts to transmit information about the host country’s counter-terrorism policies and procedures.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740110–0738. Confidential. Drafted by Rovine; cleared by Hoffacker, L, and L/PM; and approved by Rovine.

Document 218: Memorandum From the Acting Secretary of State (Ingersoll) to Members of the Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism, Washington, November 6, 1974.

The memorandum disseminated guidelines for responding to terrorist attacks within the United States involving international ramifications.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740122–0412. Confidential. Copies were sent to USUN, the Attorney General, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs, and the Secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, and Transportation.

Document 219: Briefing Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs, Department of State (Buffum) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, January 21, 1975.

In the aftermath of a shooting incident at the Ukrainian Mission to the U.N., Buffum requested an expedited protection plan for diplomats in New York City.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750160–1756. Secret. Drafted by Blake. Concurred in by Dikeos and Hoffacker. Tab B, a December 6, 1974 memorandum from Springsteen to Scowcroft, responded to a November 16 request from Kissinger in his capacity as National Security Adviser for a more detailed assessment of the options for enhancing diplomatic security measures in New York City. (National Archives, RG 59, M/CT Files: Lot 77 D 30, Box 2, Protection of Foreign Officials and Installations, October–December 1974)

Document 220: Airgram A–775 From the Department of State to All Posts, Washington, February 5, 1975.

The Airgram circulated procedures for responding to acts of terrorism against U.S. citizens abroad.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750027–0570. Confidential. Drafted on January 24 by Hoffacker; cleared in ARA, SCA, EA, NEA, AF, SY, EB, AID, EUR, USIA, L, S/S–O, DG/MED, S/PRS, S/P, DG; and approved by Brown. Enclosure 5 is published as Document 218. In the wake of the kidnapping and death of Consular Agent John Patrick Egan in Cordoba, Argentina in late February, the State Department circulated further revisions to A–775 in Airgram A–4709, July 10, 1975. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750113–1050)

Document 221: Memorandum From the Acting Secretary of State (Ingersoll) to President Ford, Washington, February 18, 1975.

Ingersoll updated Ford on efforts to combat terrorism and highlighted continuing concerns.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750037–0744. Secret. A copy was sent to S/CCT. Attachment 1 is not published. Attachment 2 is published as Document 218. Attachment 3 is published as Document 220.

Document 222: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Ford, Washington, April 1, 1975.

Kissinger analyzed the U.S. Government’s progress in combating terrorism.

Source, Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Subject File, Box 17, Protection of Foreign Officials and Installations (5). Secret. Sent for information. Ford initialed the first page. Tab A is published as Document 221. Tab 1 is not published. Tab 2 is published as Document 218. Tab 3 is published as Document 219.

Document 223: Executive Summary, Mass Destruction Terrorism Study, Washington, September 17, 1975.

The study highlighted the danger of weapons of mass destruction falling into terrorist hands and recommended measures to improve the government's response to the problem.

Source: Ford Library, Bobbie Greene Kilberg Files, Box 17, Mass Destruction Terrorism Study—Executive Summary. Secret. Distributed to CIA, DOD, FBI, LEAA, ERDA, FPA, NRC, NSC, and the Departments of Justice and State. The remainder of the report is not published.

Document 224: Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Lynn) to President Ford, Washington, November 26, 1975.

Lynn recommended the President veto a bill that would expand the federal role in protection of foreign diplomats on U.S. soil.

Source: Ford Library, White House Records Office, Legislation Case Files, 1974–1976, Box 33, 11/29/75, H.R. 12. No classification marking. Ford vetoed the bill on November 29; memorandum from Cannon to Ford, November 28, ibid. On December 31, Ford signed a compromise bill, Public Law 94–196, which limited federal reimbursement to $3.5 million per annum, included claims retroactive to July 1, 1974, and provided compensation only for extraordinary protection for permanent missions to international organizations in which the United States participated as a member or an observer. (United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Environment and Public Works, 97th Congress, 2nd session, December 17, 1982, Report No. 97–687, Protection of Foreign Diplomatic Missions)

Document 225: CIA Research Study on Potential Terrorist use of Nuclear Weapons, Washington, January 8, 1976.

The study assessed how terrorist groups might acquire and use nuclear weapons or fissile material, judging the threat in the immediate future as relatively low.

Source: Central Intelligence Agency Files, Job 91R00884R, National Intelligence Council Files (OPI 122), Interagency Intelligence Memorandum. Secret; Noforn.

Document 226: CIA Research Study on International and Transnational Terrorism, Washington, April 1976.

The study identified potential future terrorist threats and suggested counteractive strategies.

Source: Ford Library, Kilberg Files, Box 17, International and Transnational Terrorism: Diagnosis and Prognosis. No classification marking. Only the Executive Summary and Implications section are published.

Document 227: Briefing Memorandum From the Special Assistant to Secretary and Coordinator for Combating Terrorism (Feary) to Secretary of State Kissinger Washington, June 1, 1976.

Feary summarized a report on the threat posed by “intermediate terrorism.”

Source: Ford Library Kilberg Files, Box 17, Intermediate Terrorism Study, (2). Secret. The study is not published. Kissinger forwarded the memorandum on June 5 to all members of the Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760086–0060)

Document 228: Circular Telegram 256207 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic and Consular Posts, October 15, 1976, 2114Z.

The Department informed posts of Presidential action to bring into force domestic legislation and international treaties intended to counteract terrorism and instructed posts to promote anti-terrorism legislation with host governments.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use. Drafted in L/SFP by Fields. Cleared in L, L/PM, L/T, L/UNA, M/CT, M/DG, and IO; and approved by Eagleburger. The text of President Ford’s Proclamation upon ratification of the Convention to Prevent and Punish Acts of Terrorism Taking the Form of Crimes Against Persons and Related Extortion That Are of International Significance is attached to a memorandum from Borg to Scowcroft, November 3, 1976. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760182–1026)

Document 229: Letter From the Chairman of the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements (Fraser) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, July 19, 1973.

Fraser inquired about the Department of State’s position on the program of action accompanying the UN Decade Against Racial Discrimination.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, Box 3041, SOC 14 UN, 1–1–73. No classification marking.

Document 230: Letter From the Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations, Department of State (Wright) to the Chairman of the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements (Fraser), Washington, August 9, 1973.

The letter submitted a detailed reply concerning the Department of State’s response to the UN Decade Against Racial Discrimination.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, Box 3041, SOC 14 UN, 1–1–73. No classification marking. Drafted on August 7 by Hewitt and Dworkin; cleared in draft in IO/UNP, L/UNA, AF/RA; and cleared in IO and H. The letter is a copy with an indication that Wright signed the original.

Document 231: Briefing Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (Popper) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, October 1, 1973.

Popper informed Kissinger about the current status of Soviet and U.S. adherence to international human rights conventions.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OA Files, Lot 99 D 369, Human Rights, General, 1972–73. Confidential.

Document 232: Letter From the Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations, Department of State (Wright) to the Chairman of the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements (Fraser), Washington, December 7, 1973.

The letter answered follow-up questions posed by Fraser after testimony by Popper before the Subcommittee.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, Box 3041, SOC 14 UN, 1–1–73. No classification marking. Drafted by Hewitt; cleared in draft in IO/UNP, AF/C, NEA/PAB; and cleared in IO and H. Above Marshall Wright’s typeset signature "KF/KJ/GW" is written. The letter is a copy with an indication that Wright signed the original. John Peter Humphrey of Canada was Director of the UN Commission on Human Rights from 1947–1966.

Document 233: Telegram 5688 From the U.S. Mission to the UN to the Department of State, December 18, 1973, 2308Z.

The telegram summarized the results of negotiations concerning human rights at the 28th UN General Assembly.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use. Transmitted for action to IO. Repeated to the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, Geneva.

Document 234: Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs (Buffum) to the Acting Assistant Secretary for East Asian Affairs (Hummel), the Acting Assistant Secretary for European Affairs (Stabler), and the Acting Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (Davies), Washington, February 27, 1974.

The memorandum discussed Congressional pressure to pursue a more activist Human Rights policy.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P810064–1353. Confidential. Drafted by Thompson and cleared by Stull. A copy was sent to H.

Document 235: Executive Summary of a Classified Report of the U.S. Delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, Washington, June 10, 1974.

The report summarized the results of the conference and suggested future courses of action.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740100–0478. Confidential. The minutes have been omitted. It was transmitted to Kissinger by Aldrich. NSSM 194, Review of Certain Conventional Weapons, February 15, is in the National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–202, NSSM 194.

Document 236: Minutes of the Acting Secretary’s Functional Staff Meeting, Washington, June 12, 1974, 3 p.m.

Principal officers of the Department of State discussed various aspects of human rights policy and potential departmental reorganization to more effectively address human rights issues.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P870037–0331. Secret. Sisco was the Acting Secretary.

Document 237: Letter From the Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Ingersoll) to the Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (Morgan), Washington, June 27, 1974.

Ingersoll explained the Department of State’s approach to broad policy questions related to human rights.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750034–1602. No classification marking. The letter is a copy with an indication that Ingersoll signed the original. For Ingersoll’s testimony, see United States Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session, June–July 1974, Fiscal Year 1975 Foreign Assistance Request, pp. 245–298. Section 32 stated, "It is the sense of Congress that the President should deny any economic or military assistance to the government of any foreign country which practices the internment or imprisonment of that country’s citizens for political purposes."

Document 238: Telegram 146302 From the Department of State to the U.S. Mission to the U.N., July 8, 1974, 1655Z.

The telegram anticipated human rights issues likely to arise at the 29th UN General Assembly and proposed advance consultations with governments of the European Economic Community.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Hewitt; cleared in IO, EUR, EUR/RPE, EUR/SOV, and S/S; and approved by Sisco. Sent for information to Bonn, Brussels, the Hague, London, Paris, Moscow, Geneva, Rome, Luxembourg, Dublin, Copenhagen, and the U.S. Mission to the European Community (Brussels).

Document 239: Memorandum From the Director of Korean Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Ranard) to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Sneider), Washington, July 17, 1974.

The memorandum recounted discussions with staff assistants to the House Foreign Affairs Committee concerning Department of State actions to promote human rights abroad.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P800109–2353. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Ranard. Copies were sent to EA/RA, L/HR, EA, D, and Seoul. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates that Mr. Sneider saw it. Republic of Korea authorities revoked the visa of newspaper reporter Elizabeth Pond after she published a series of articles about domestic opposition to the government, prompting the Department of State to lodge public protests in Washington and Seoul (, June 6, 1974, p. 2). Tae Wan Son was Deputy Premier of the Republic of Korea.

Document 240: Letter From the Acting Secretary of State (Ingersoll) to the Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (Morgan), Washington, July 28, 1974.

Ingersoll updated Committee members on Department of State activities in the field of human rights.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P740092–1258. No classification marking. Drafted by Runyon. Concurred in by Blake, Gardiner; Ladd; Walker; Lister; Goott, Searing, and Grove. The following telegrams, all Department of State to selected posts, referred to in Ingersoll’s letter are available at P740092–1263 through P740092–1272—telegram 150955, July 12; telegram 140309, June 28; and telegram 135799, June 24.

Document 241: Briefing Memorandum From the Deputy Undersecretary for Management (Brown) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, August 8, 1974.

Brown presented options for reorganization of the Department of State’s human rights and humanitarian affairs activities.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820097–1280. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Tait. Sent through Ingersoll. Tab A, a memorandum from Levenson to Brown, May 14, submitted a proposal for organizing a new Office of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs within the Department of State is in the National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820097–1288.

Document 242: Statement From the Legal Adviser concerning International Law and Human Rights, Washington, August 26, 1974.

The document argued that promotion of human rights had become an international legal obligation to the extent that the matter could no longer be considered exclusively within the domestic jurisdiction of states.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/HR Files: Lot 80 D 275, Human Rights S/P Study—Policy Planning Vol. II. No classification marking.

Document 243: Summary of Paper on Policies on Human Rights and Authoritarian Regimes, Washington, October 1974.

The summary highlighted the principal points and conclusions of a detailed study about options to promote human rights abroad.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/HR Files: Lot 80 D 275, Human Rights S/P Study—Policy Planning Vol. II. Confidential. Though undated, drafts of this document dating from September are ibid. Document 264 indicates the final version was produced in October.

Document 244: Minutes of the Secretary’s Staff Meeting, Washington, October 22, 1974. 9 a.m.

Kissinger discussed with key Department of State personnel the relationship of human rights issues to larger U.S. foreign policy goals.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P870036–2253. Secret. The paper Kissinger asked to see is published as Document 246.

Document 245: Memorandum of Conversation Between Secretary of State Kissinger and Members of the House and Senate Foreign Relations Committees, Washington, December 17, 1974.

Kissinger discussed the relationship of human rights policy to foreign aid and overall U.S. foreign policy with a Congressional delegation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750069–1050. Confidential.

Document 246: Memorandum From the Deputy Secretary of State (Ingersoll) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, January 16, 1975.

Ingersoll requested permission to disseminate a draft policy guidance statement concerning U.S. policies on human rights to Department of State personnel.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760137–1296. Confidential; Limited Official Use. The undated attachment, drafted by Sirkin, is not published. The document does not indicate approval or disapproval by Kissinger.

Document 247: Telegram 12320 From the Department of State to All Posts, Washington, January 17, 1975.

The Department of State requested all posts to submit appraisals of the human rights record of the host country.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 012320. Unclassified. Repeated for information to Geneva, and USUN. Drafted and approved by Runyon. In addition to all diplomatic posts, transmitted to Cape Town, Durban, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Lourenco Marques, Luanda, and Port Moresby. Ingersoll’s letter to Morgan is Document 240.

Document 248: Airgram A–1285 From the Department of State to Latin American Posts, Washington, February 26, 1975.

The Airgram supplemented existing Department of State regulations concerning posts’ responsibilities for ensuring the protection of U.S. nationals.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750039–0440. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Lister, Chase, and Runyon; cleared in SCA and H; and approved by Rogers. Transmitted to all ARA posts for attention by Chiefs of Mission. For Ingersoll’s letter to Morgan, see Document 237. 7 FAM 300 and 7 FAM 352.1 refer to sections of the Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual. 22 U.S.C. 1732 refers to a section of the United States Code. Attached but not published is an enclosure, consisting of testimony about violations of human rights in Brazil by the Reverend Fred B. Morris before the House Sub-Committee on International Organizations and Movements, December 11, 1974.

Document 249: Action Memorandum From the Legal Adviser (Leigh) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Ingersoll), Washington, March 19, 1975.

The memorandum recommended procedures for processing and analyzing country human rights reports submitted by posts.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OA Files, Lot 99 D 369, Human Rights, General, 1975. Unclassified. Sent for information to PM, S/P, and AID. Drafted by Runyon; and cleared in H, AF, ARA, EA, EUR, NEA, and IO. Sent through Maw. Ingersoll approved the recommendation on March 31. Tab A is published as Document 247. Tab B is Public Law 93–559, 93rd Congress, S. 3394, December 30, 1974. Tab C is Document 237. Tab D is Document 240. Attached but not published at Tab E is an August 18, 1974 memorandum from Ingersoll to Department of State officials principally responsible for human rights reporting, which offered an interim assessment of the progress in analyzing country human rights reports submitted by posts. Tabs F, G, H, I, and J have not been found.

Document 250: Letter From the Deputy Secretary of State (Ingersoll) to the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee (Eastland), Washington, April 18, 1975.

Ingersoll informed Eastland that the Department of State had created the position of Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs and appointed James M. Wilson to the post.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750069–1497. No classification marking. For Ingersoll’s letter to Morgan, see Document 240. Letters identical to this were sent to members of the House and Senate Foreign Affairs Committees.

Document 251: Memorandum From the Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs (Wilson) to the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance (Maw), Washington, April 18, 1975.

Wilson suggested talking points on U.S. human rights policy for Maw’s upcoming presentation to the American Society for International Law

Source: Ford Library, James M. Wilson Papers, Box 1, Human Rights—General, 1975–77. Unclassified. Concurred in by Runyon. The attachment, not published, cited excerpts from several speeches on human rights delivered by Kissinger and Ingersoll.

Document 252: Action Memorandum From the Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs, Department of State (Wilson) to the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance (Maw), Washington, July 7, 1975.

Wilson proposed several options about how to configure human rights reports for congressional review. Maw approved preparation of detailed, analytical, individualized country reports.

Source: Ford Library, James M. Wilson Papers, Box 6, 5/75–8/75. Confidential. Drafted by Wilson. Concurred in by Lewis, Richardson, Runyon, Sirkin, and Austin. Option 1 was approved by Maw on July 10. There were no attachments appended to this document, but a May 3 memorandum from Maw to Kissinger, discussed options regarding foreign aid for the "most serious group," Chile, the Republic of Korea, Brazil, Indonesia, the Philippines, Spain, and Uruguay. (ibid.)

Document 253: Telegram 182813 From the Department of State to All Posts, Washington, August 2, 1975, 0014Z.

The telegram reported the usefulness of post reporting on human rights and reiterated the value of promoting human rights through educational and cultural exchanges, informal official and unofficial contacts, and attendance at important trials.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 182813. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Runyon; cleared in T, H, L, CU, IO/UNP, AF, ARA, EA, EUR, NEA, AID, SCA, PA, and S/S; and approved by Wilson.

Document 254: Briefing Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance (Maw) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, September 8, 1975.

The memorandum explained the rationale for submitting the attached a human rights report to Congress.

Source: Ford Library, James M. Wilson Papers, Box 6, 5/75–8/75. Confidential. Sent for information. Drafted by Palmer, Wilson, and Lewis. Concurred in by Goldberg, Stern, Michel, Runyon, and Austin. Tab 2 has not been found. The report was not submitted to Congress, but became part of the public record as a result of Congressional action and news reports. See Document 257.

Document 255: Action Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs (Buffum) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, November 3, 1975.

Buffum recommended responding positively to a request by Ambassador Moynihan to sponsor a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly concerning amnesty for political prisoners.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/OA Files, Lot 99 D 369, Human Rights, General, 1975. Confidential. Drafted by Hewitt; and cleared in S/P, C, D/HA, AF, ARA, EA, EUR, NEA, and L. Attached but not published at Tab 1 is telegram 262669 to USUN, November 5, which forwarded the draft resolution on amnesty for political prisoners. Attached but not published at Tab 2 is an undated copy of the same draft resolution.

Document 256: Briefing Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance (Maw) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, November 28, 1975.

Maw informed the Kissinger of congressional and press actions concerning the human rights aspect of foreign policy.

Source: Ford Library, James M. Wilson Papers, Box 6, 9/75–12/75. Confidential. Drafted by Wilson and Goldberg. Concurred in by Michel, Forcier, McCloskey, and Stern. Sent through Ingersoll. The attachments have not been found, but for Tab 3 see The New York Times, November 19, p. 1.

Document 257: Telegram 45319 From the Department of State to All Posts, Washington, February 25, 1976, 1627Z.

The telegram informed posts of the importance placed on country human rights reports and issued additional instructions concerning submission of 1976 reports.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, 045319. Unclassified; Priority. Drafted by Palmer; cleared in AID/PPC, AID/GC, S/P, PM, EA, AF, NEA, EUR, ARA, T, L/HR, D/HA, H, L/PM, PM/SAS, EB/IFD/ODF, IO/UNP, and L; and approved by Ingersoll. Repeated for information to Geneva USUN, SECDEF, USCINCEUR, CINCLANT, USCINCSO, CINCPAC.

Document 258: Briefing Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance (Maw) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, April 13, 1976.

Maw updated Kissinger on the impact that congressional action would have on Department of State human rights reporting.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760062–1700. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Palmer; and cleared in D/HA, L, L/PM, L/HR, PM, H, S/P, AF, ARA, EA, NEA, EUR, AID/GC, and T. Attached but not published at Tab 1, undated, is quoted the Section 502B of the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act as amended. Attached but not published at Tab 2 is a March 8 memorandum from Maw to AF, ARA, EA, EUR, and NEA, which urged development of a standardized format for human rights reports. Attached but not published at Tab 3 is a March 16 memorandum from Palmer to AF, ARA, EA, EUR, and NEA, which provided a draft outline for standardizing submission of country human rights reports.

Document 259: Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, June 1, 1976.

In reviewing a draft speech for delivery at the Organization of American States General Assembly in Santiago, Kissinger ordered changes in the sections dealing with human rights.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820118–1524. Secret; Nodis. Drafted by Glenn. Kissinger’s Santiago statement on human rights is published in the Department of State Bulletin, July 5, 1976, pp. 1–5.

Document 260: Memorandum of Conversation, Mexico City, June 11, 1976, 8:30–9:55 a.m.

During a general discussion of foreign policy issues, Kissinger clarified his position concerning Human Rights.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Records of Henry Kissinger, Entry 54–03, Box 17, NODIS Memcons, June 1976. Confidential; Nodis. Human rights activist Hector Cuadra was a political scientist specializing in international law and the first President of the Mexican Branch of Amnesty International.

Document 261: Report of the U.S. Delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, Third Session, Washington, October 15, 1976.

The conclusion assessed the third session and the likelihood of an acceptable final result.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P760175–0038. No classification marking. It was transmitted to Kissinger by Aldrich. Prepared by Bettauer. Only the conclusions section is published.

Document 262: Memorandum from the Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs, Department of State (Wilson) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Robinson), Washington, November 8, 1976.

Wilson registered suggestions about how the incoming Carter administration could quickly enhance U.S. efforts to promote human rights abroad.

Source: Ford Library, James M. Wilson Papers, Box 6, 9/76–8/77. Confidential. A blind copy was sent to Habib. William Tarpley Bennett, Jr. was U.S. representative and acting head of U.S. delegation to the 28th session of the UN General Assembly, U.S. representative to the 29th and 30th and 7th special sessions of the UN General Assembly, and Acting Permanent Representative to the United Nations, 1976. Albert William Sherer was Chief of U.S. delegation to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, February 1974–July 1975, U.S. representative in UN Security Council, from August 1975, and U.S. representative to the 30th regular and 7th special sessions of the UN General Assembly. Terence A. Todman was U.S. Ambassador to Costa Rica from January 1975.

Document 263: Memorandum of Conversation, Mexico City, December 1, 1976.

Colombian Foreign Minister Lievano presented his views to Kissinger and Rogers concerning incorporating human rights issues into U.S.–Latin American relations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820118–1945. Secret; Sensitive; Nodis.

Document 264: Briefing Paper on Human Rights, Washington, undated.

The document, prepared for the incoming Carter administration, presented a generalized overview of U.S. efforts to promote human rights.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, L/HR Files: Lot 80 D 275, Human Rights S/P Study—Policy Planning Vol. II. Confidential. The CSCE paper was not found. The Human Rights and Official Development Assistance paper was not found. The summary to the October 1974 study is published as Document 243.